Supra-Molecular Structure and Chemical Reactivity of Cellulose I Studied Using CP/MAS 13C-NMR

Chunilall, Viren; Bush, Tamara Reid; Larsson, Per Tomas

doi:10.5772/50673

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Plant cellulose has been analyzed for decades by analytic methods and high resolution imaging approaches (Murdock, 1930;Ioyelovich, 1991;Wada et al, 2004;Agarwal et al, 2010;Barnette et al, 2011;Fernandes et al, 2011;Chunilall et al, 2013;Jarvis, 2013;Newman et al, 2013;Thomas et al, 2013;Wang and Hong, 2016). We and many other groups (Carpita et al, 2001a;Ding and Himmel, 2006;Ding et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013Zhang et al, , 2016Zhang et al, , 2017Zheng et al, 2017) have demonstrated that the microfibrils often appear to be bundles especially in PCWs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Measurement of Plant Cellulose Microfibril and Bundles in Native Cell Walls

et al. 2020

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Plants use rigid cellulose together with non-cellulosic matrix polymers to build cell walls. Cellulose microfibrils comprise linear β(1,4)-glucan chains packed through inter-and intra-chain hydrogen-bonding networks and van der Waals forces. Due to its small size, the number of glucan chains and their arrangement in a microfibril remains elusive. Here we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to directly image primary cell walls (PCWs) and secondary cell walls (SCWs) from fresh tissues of maize (Zea mays) under near-native conditions. By analyzing cellulose structure in different types of cell walls, we were able to measure the individual microfibrils in elongated PCWs at the subnanometer scale. The dimension of the microfibril was measured at 3.68 ± 0.13 nm in width and 2.25 ± 0.10 nm in height. By superimposing multiple AFM height profiles of these microfibrils, the overlay area representing the cross-section was estimated at 5.6 ± 0.4 nm 2 , which fitted well to an 18-chain model packed as six sheets with 234432 conformation. Interestingly we found in PCW, all these individual microfibrils could be traced back to a bundle in larger imaging area, suggesting cellulose are synthesized as large bundles in PCWs, and then split during cell expansion or elongation. In SCWs where cell growth has ceased we observed nearly-parallel twined or individual microfibrils that appeared to be embedded separately in the matrix polymers without the splitting effect, indicating different mechanisms of cellulose biosynthesis in PCW and SCW. The sub-nanometer structure of the microfibril presented here was measured exclusively from elongated PCWs, further study is required to verify if it represents the inherent structure synthesized by the cellulose synthase complex in PCWs and SCWs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Measurement of Plant Cellulose Microfibril and Bundles in Native Cell Walls

et al. 2020

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“…degraded cellulose, short-chain glucan, and hemicellulose) during pulping and bleaching processes. [25] After AHP delignification, the R 10 value of samples D, E, F, and G varied from 88.3% to 93.0%, suggesting more efficiency in obtaining α-cellulose than samples A to C, prepared without AHP treatment. Table 1 demonstrates that alkaline resistance was almost unaffected by the type of alcohols, whereas it was increased when multistep treatments were used.…”

Section: Alkaline Resistancementioning

confidence: 93%

Characterisation of cellulose from coffee silverskin

Alghooneh

Amini

Behrouzian

2017

International Journal of Food Properties

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Several methods for the isolation and purification of cellulose from coffee silverskin (CS) were investigated using alkaline, hydrogen peroxide (HP), organosolvents, acetic acid, and their combinations. The process and cellulose were characterised by their yield, cellulose content, colour, alkaline resistance (R 10), FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermal stability. Whiteness index (WI), R 10 , crystallinity, thermal stability, yield, and cellulose content of the solids obtained after extraction were dependent on the extraction procedures. Alkaline ethanol-HP-acetic acid protocol resulted in a cellulosic sample with the highest thermal stability (13% weight loss (WL) in the temperature range of 280-360°C) and a cellulose I β content with 70% crystallinity. These results showed the great potential of CS as a new source of cellulose.

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“…This radial distribution shows a competence between IL anion and water species to establish Van der Waals type interactions with cellulose fibers; particularly strong correlations between the IL anion site with the cellubiose sites C16 and C26 were found. These strong correlations can be explained considering that such sites contain both carbon number six (carbon belonging to the alquil chain united to glucopyranose ring in the cellulose structure), and this carbon, in particular, posseses the most reactive hydroxyl group [66]. In contrast, sites C11 and C24 presented a lower correlation; this could be explained taking into account that both sites include less reactive hydroxyl groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution and Hydrolysis of Bleached Kraft Pulp Using Ionic Liquids

et al. 2019

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Forestry industries in Chile are facing an important challenge—diversifying their products using green technologies. In this study, the potential use of Ionic Liquids (ILs) to dissolve and hydrolyze eucalyptus wood (mix of Eucalyptus nitens and Eucalyptus globulus) kraft pulp was studied. The Bleached Hardwood Kraft Pulp (BHKP) from a Chilean pulp mill was used together with five different ILs: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [bmim][Cl], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [bmim][Ac], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [bmim][HSO4], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [emim][Cl], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [emim][Ac]. Experimentally, one vacuum reactor was designed to study the dissolution/hydrolysis process for each ILs; particularly, the cellulose dissolution process using [bmim][Cl] was studied proposing one molecular dynamic model. Experimental characterization using Atomic Force Microscopy, conductometric titration, among other techniques suggest that all ILs are capable of cellulose dissolution at different levels; in some cases, the dissolution evolved to partial hydrolysis appearing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in the form of spherical aggregates with a diameter of 40–120 nm. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the [bmim][Cl] anions tend to interact actively with cellulose sites and water molecules in the dissolution process. The results showed the potential of some ILs to dissolve/hydrolyze the cellulose from Chilean Eucalyptus, maintaining reactive forms.

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Supra-Molecular Structure and Chemical Reactivity of Cellulose I Studied Using CP/MAS 13C-NMR

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Direct Measurement of Plant Cellulose Microfibril and Bundles in Native Cell Walls

Direct Measurement of Plant Cellulose Microfibril and Bundles in Native Cell Walls

Characterisation of cellulose from coffee silverskin

Dissolution and Hydrolysis of Bleached Kraft Pulp Using Ionic Liquids

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