Supra-gingival microbiota in Sjögren’s syndrome

Leung, Kcm; Leung, WK; McMillan, AS

doi:10.1007/s00784-007-0132-1

Cited by 40 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The disease in these mice is characterized by increased apoptosis and deterioration of the lacrimal glands associated with CD4 + Tcell infiltration and development of SSA-and SSB-specific autoantibody responses. 7,9 The significant loss of lacrimal gland secretory function is detectable at 8 weeks and precedes elevated expressions of IL-17, IL-6, and IFN-g. These findings make the TSP-1 -/ -mice an attractive and new model to study changes in ocular commensal and their contribution to SS disease pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the isolated bacterial species did not belong to the normal healthy flora, such as Collinsella aerofaciens and genera Tissierella (previously known as a member of Clostriduim), and demonstrate that SS patients harbor distinct oral toothassociated microflora. 7 Very few reports address whether the repertoire of ocular microbiota in primary Sjögren's patients is altered when compared to healthy individuals. 8 The objective of our work was to define the biodiversity of microbial presence at the ocular surface with the expectation that alterations in ocular commensal abundance might precede disease-associated pathology or contribute to disease severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TSP-1 Deficiency Alters Ocular Microbiota: Implications for Sjögren's Syndrome Pathogenesis

Terzulli

Contreras-Ruiz

Kugadas

et al. 2015

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Purpose: The potential role of commensals as triggering factors that promote inflammation in dry eye disease has not been explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether ocular microbiota changes with the onset of dry eye disease in thrombospondin-1-deficient (TSP-1 -/ -) mice, a strain that develops Sjögren's syndrome-like disease. Methods: Conjunctival swabs were collected from TSP-1 -/ -and C57BL/6 mice and analyzed for bacterial presence. Opsonophagocytosis of the bacterial conjunctival isolates derived from the aged TSP-1 -/ -mice by neutrophils derived from either TSP-1 -/ -or C57BL/6 bone marrow was evaluated. The bactericidal activities of TSP-1-derived peptide were examined. Results: We found that in TSP-1 -/ -mice, the conjunctival colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci sp (CNS) species was significantly increased with aging and preceded that of the wild-type C57BL/6 control mice. This correlated with increased neutrophil infiltration into the conjunctiva of the TSP-1 -/ -mice, suggesting that TSP-1 plays a significant role in regulating immunity to commensals. Accordingly, the TSP-1 -/ -PMNs opsonophagocytozed the ocular commensals less efficiently than the TSP-1-sufficient neutrophils. Furthermore, a TSP-1-derived peptide, 4N1K, exhibited significant antimicrobial activity when compared to a control peptide against commensal sp. Conclusion: These studies illustrate that alterations in the commensal frequency occur in the early stages of development of Sjögren's-like pathology and suggest that interventions that limit commensal outgrowth such as the use of TSP-1-derived peptides could be used for treatment during the early stages of the disease to reduce the commensal burden and ensuing inflammation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TSP-1 Deficiency Alters Ocular Microbiota: Implications for Sjögren's Syndrome Pathogenesis

Terzulli

Contreras-Ruiz

Kugadas

et al. 2015

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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“…Sjögren syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease associated with hyposalivation (21), and patients with this disease have many teeth with dental caries (22,23). A previous study showed that levels of Lactobacillus acidophilus in saliva and supragingival plaque were significantly higher in patients with Sjögren syndrome than in control subjects and suggested that changes in the microbial composition may affect individual risk of dental caries (24). Future microbial studies should attempt to clarify the mechanism underlying the relation between salivary flow rate and dental caries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulated salivary flow rate and oral health status

Shimazaki

Yonemoto

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Science

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This study examined the relationship between stimulated salivary flow rate and oral health status in an adult population. Multinomial multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations of salivary flow rate with dental caries status and periodontal status at the individual level among 2,110 Japanese adults with ≥10 teeth. Then, a spline model was used to examine the nonlinear relationship between salivary flow rate and teeth with dental caries or periodontal disease in multilevel analysis. Odds ratios were calculated for a 1.0-mL/min reduction in salivary flow rate at a point. After adjusting for confounding variables, participants with a flow rate ≤3.5 mL/min had significantly higher odds ratios for high caries status, and participants with a flow rate ≤1.4 mL/min had a higher odds ratio for broad periodontal disease, than did those with a flow rate >3.5 mL/min. In spline models, the odds ratio for teeth with dental caries or periodontal disease increased with reduced saliva secretion. The present findings suggest that decreased saliva secretion affects both dental caries and general periodontal health status.

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“…Compounding the problem, some studies have demonstrated that patients overestimate the diagnostic capacity of fetal ultrasound in general. 182 But while there are serious concerns regarding keepsake ultrasound, there are also legitimate arguments that those concerns are overblown. The most vocal anti-keepsake scholars decry a practice they find "fraught with unmanageable psychosocial risk" that might potentially cause "debilitating moral confusion" for women (both scholars are male), 183 while others argue that what matters for ethical analysis is "gestational age and the power of ultrasound, not the indication for the scan nor where it is performed."…”

Section: Medical and Ethical Concerns Regarding Keepsake Fetal Ultrasmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reconceptualizing Consent for Direct-to-Consumer Health Services

Spector‐Bagdady

2015

Am. J. Law. Med.

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The market for direct-to-consumer (DTC) health services continues to grow rapidly with former patients converting to customers for the opportunity to purchase varied diagnostic tests without the involvement of their clinician. For the first time a DTC genetic testing company is advertising health-related reports "that meet [Food and Drug Administration] standards for being clinically and scientifically valid." Ethicists and regulatory agencies alike have recognized the need for a more informed transaction in the DTC context, but how should we classify a commercial transaction for something normally protected by a duty of care? How can we assure informed agreements in an industry with terms and conditions as varied as the services performed? The doctrine of "informed consent" began as an ethical construct building on the promise of beneficence in the clinical relationship and elevating the principle of autonomy--but in the DTC context should we hold providers to legal standards of informed consent and associated medical malpractice liability, or contractual obligations where consumers would seek remedy for breach? This Article analyzes the fine balance that must be struck in an industry where companies are selling services for entertainment or non-medical purposes that possess the capacity to produce serious and disquieting medical information. It begins by reviewing current standards of consent in the clinical setting from both a legal and ethical perspective and then lays forth current standards for DTC consent using two currently controversial case studies: that of keepsake fetal ultrasound and genetic testing. DTC keepsake ultrasound and genetic testing providers attempt to de-medicalize the devices used for these procedures from their intended medical uses to non-medical uses. But while keepsake ultrasound is marketed as "intended for entertainment purposes only," it can provide medical information as an incidental finding. 23andMe currently purports to be the only DTC genetics service that "includes" reports that meet FDA qualifications, despite disclaimers of intent to "provide medical advice." The attempted de-medicalization of these devices, therefore, has not been fully transformative, and DTC providers should have more robust ethical and legal duties than the average goods and services seller. This Article delineates these responsibilities, beginning with ethical duties surrounding marketing, entering into, and providing DTC services. It then turns to the legal paradigms necessary to enable, or at least allow for, DTC providers to meet these ethical obligations. While it argues that contractual, as opposed to fiduciary, requirements are most appropriate and that waivers of liability will likely be upheld, it also advocates for a heightened expectation of disclosure during contracting.

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Supra-gingival microbiota in Sjögren’s syndrome

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

TSP-1 Deficiency Alters Ocular Microbiota: Implications for Sjögren's Syndrome Pathogenesis

TSP-1 Deficiency Alters Ocular Microbiota: Implications for Sjögren's Syndrome Pathogenesis

Stimulated salivary flow rate and oral health status

Reconceptualizing Consent for Direct-to-Consumer Health Services

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