Supra and subgingival application of antiseptics or antibiotics during periodontal therapy

Abstract

Periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) are characterized by inflammatory processes which arise as a result of disruption of the balance in the oral ecosystem. According to the current S3 level clinical practice guidelines, therapy of patients with periodontitis involves a stepwise approach that includes the control of the patient's risk factors and the debridement of supra and subgingival biofilm. This debridement can be performed with or without the use of some adjuvant therapies, including physical or chemical agents, host modulating agents, subgingivally locally delivered antimicrobials, or systemic antimicrobials. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to review in a narrative manner the existing literature regarding the adjuvant application of local agents, either subgingivally delivered antibiotics and antiseptics or supragingivally applied rinses and dentifrices, during the different steps in periodontal therapy performed in Europe.

Periodontal Inflammation and Dysbiosis Relate to Microbial Changes in the Gut

“…This treatment would be expected to prevent changes in the gut bacteria and SCFA. There are several periodontal treatment options, including scaling and root planing, local, systemic antibiotics, antiseptics [ 79 , 80 ], and surgical procedures. Antibiotics/antiseptics could have a direct effect on the gut bacteria and, therefore, these treatments are not recommended when investigating the effect of oral inflammation/dysbiosis on the gut bacteria.…”