Suppressive properties of ginsenoside Rb2, a protopanaxadiol-type ginseng saponin, on reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in UV-B-irradiated human dermal keratinocytes

Abstract

Ginsenosides, also known as ginseng saponins, are the principal bioactive ingredients of ginseng, which are responsible for its diverse pharmacological activities. The present work aimed to assess skin anti-photoaging properties of ginsenoside Rb2 (Rb2), one of the predominant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, in human epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT cells under UV-B irradiation. When the cultured keratinocytes were subjected to Rb2 prior to UV-B irradiation, Rb2 displayed suppressive activities on UV-B-induced reactive oxygen species elevation and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and secretion. However, Rb2 at the used concentrations was unable to modulate cellular survivals in the UV-B-irradiated keratinocytes. In brief, Rb2 possesses a protective role against the photoaging of human keratinocyte cells under UV-B irradiation.

Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius : From pharmacology to toxicology

“…Individuals eating a Western diet showed a marked decrease in ginsenoside 3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy] oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Inhibition of inflammation or apoptosis in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, respectively, by the upregulation of GPR120; inhibition of UVB-induced production of ROS in human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes; prevention of lethal infection by HVJ in mice; lowering of cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; enhancement of fibrinolytic activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Huang et al, 2017;Gao et al, 2015;Oh et al, 2015aOh et al, , 2015bYoo et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2003 Rg3 4,8,10,14pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) oxane-3,4,5-triol Improvement of proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in NMDA-treated HT22 murine hippocampal neurons; induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis in cancer experimental models; inhibition of HCV propagation by reducing p21; potentiation of paclitaxel cytotoxicity through the inhibition of NFkB signaling in human triple-negative breast cancer lines. Zhang et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2017a;Yuan et al, 2017; -hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-…”

Hair-Growth Potential of Ginseng and Its Major Metabolites: A Review on Its Molecular Mechanisms

“…Irradiation of normal human dermal papilla cells (nHDPC) with ultraviolet B (UVB) (≥50 mJ/cm 2 ) exhibited ROS-mediated induction of apoptotic cell death [ 17 ]. Ginsenosides Rb2 [ 4 ] and 20 (S) PPD, but not 20 (R) PPD [ 4 ], have been reported to reduce the formation of ROS and MMP-2 secretion in cultured human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells after exposure to UVB radiation. Likewise, ginsenoside Rg3 20 (S), but not 20 (R), reduced ROS generation in HaCaT cells and human dermal fibroblasts without affecting cell viability.…”

“…Finasteride has been shown to prevent male pattern hair loss through the inhibition of type II 5α-reductase, which affects androgen metabolism. Although the exact mechanism of minoxidil has still not been elucidated, available research findings suggest that the hair-growth promotional effects of minoxidil are mediated through enhanced nutrient supply to hair follicles through vasodilation, opening of the K + channel, and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT/PKB) signaling, resulting in increased cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in dermal papilla cells [ 4 , 5 ]. However, these drugs exhibit certain adverse effects, such as allergic contact dermatitis, erythema, and itching.…”

Ginsenoside Rc protects against UVB-induced photooxidative damage in epidermal keratinocytes

“…Previous studies (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38) have assessed the pharmacological actions of purified ginsenosides, including their anti-photoaging, anti-inflammatory, barrier function-preserving and antioxidative functions, using skin cell lines. Similar to Rc, PPD-type ginsenosides, such as Rb1 (33), Rb2 (34,35) and Rb3 (36), used as enantiomer mixtures, were reported to exhibit anti-photoaging properties in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The PPD-type ginsenoside Rg3 exhibited a stereoselective anti-photoaging action, as only the S-enantiomer was revealed to have a ROS-scavenging and MMP-2 inhibitory effect in keratinocytes (37).…”