Suppressive efficacy of roxithromycin against human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells stimulated with hemolytic streptococci superantigen

Azithromycin suppresses proliferation, interleukin production and mitogen-activated protein kinases in human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells stimulated with bacterial superantigen

“…PBMCs were incubated for 24 and 72 h in the presence of concanavalin A or TSST‐1 and the drugs as described above, and the culture supernatant was stored at −80°C until the cytokine concentrations were measured. The concentrations of TNF‐ α , interferon‐ γ , IL‐2, −4, −5 and −10 in the supernatant of the culture medium were measured with a bead‐array procedure followed by flow cytometry according to the instructions of BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA) [11,16] …”

“…PBMCs were seeded into 96‐well plates precoated with 10 µg/ml poly‐ l ‐lysine to a cell density of 1 × 10 6 cells/ml and the cells were pre‐incubated with or without concanavalin A or TSST‐1 for 48 h. The phosphorylation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) families JNK and ERK was measured using a cell‐based ELISA kit (SuperArray Inc., Bethesda, MD) [11,16] . In brief, after stimulation of the cells, the cells were fixed with 37% formaldehyde in phosphate‐buffered saline for 20 min at room temperature and washed with a washing buffer.…”

“…We have previously raised the possibility that the macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin may suppress the proliferative response and cytokine production in human PBMCs stimulated with streptococcal pyrogenic enterotoxin A produced from hemolytic streptococci [11] . The roxithromycin effect appeared to result from the suppression of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activity in PBMCs stimulated with the superantigen [11] .…”

“…We have previously raised the possibility that the macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin may suppress the proliferative response and cytokine production in human PBMCs stimulated with streptococcal pyrogenic enterotoxin A produced from hemolytic streptococci [11] . The roxithromycin effect appeared to result from the suppression of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activity in PBMCs stimulated with the superantigen [11] . From these observations, we suggested that the alternative or concomitant use of roxithromycin in combination with glucocorticoid may be an effective way to overcome decreased glucocorticoid response in patients having a risk of hemolytic streptococci infection.…”

Immunomodulatory effects of the pentapeptide YGSRS on human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells

“…The concentrations of interferon-g (IFN-g), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the supernatant of culture medium were measured with beadsarray procedures using Human Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokine Kit, followed by flow cytometry 16 , according to the instructions of BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA).…”