Suppressive effects of bilobalide on depression-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice

Abstract

Background: Depression is a psychiatric disorder with depressed mood even suicide attempts as the main clinical symptoms, and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Brain derived neurotrophic factor...

Chronic Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: Relevance of Rodent Models to Human Disease

“…Alternative medicine approaches have also decreased IL-6 levels in models of chronic stress. These include the following reagents: prebiotic, Eucommiae cortex polysaccharides (Epss) [73]; rice germ with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [45]; theanine [45]; isofraxidin [39]; hypericum perforatum [109]; serratula coronate [109]; pumpkin extract [110]; RSNP [111]; crocin-1 [111]; bilobalide [112]; TSPG [113]; and B-glucan pretreatment [94,95]. Therapeutic approaches like acupuncture [85] and enriched environment [37] and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) [114] decreased IL-6 in either the AMY, HPC, or serum.…”

“…Plant extracts have reduced TNF-α in animal models, including Serratula coronata, Hypericum perforatum, and Valeriana officinalis [109]; Isofraxidin [39]; SSd [47]; L-Menthone [130]; RL-118 [131]; bilobalide [112]; ginsenosides [113]; polydatin from Polygonum cuspidatum [50]; escitalopram, Dapa, and co-treatment with BQ-788 and Dapa [58]; and Lilium saponins and Fluoxetine [92]. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of co-treatments were mediated through the inactivation of the COX-2/PGE2/IL-22 axis [92] or the promotion of NLRP3 ubiquitination via the MARCHF7 protein, ultimately inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome [47].…”