Suppression of rice methane emission by sulfate deposition in simulated acid rain

Gauci, Vincent; Dise, Nancy B.; Howell, Graham; Jenkins, Meaghan E.

doi:10.1029/2007jg000501

Cited by 38 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Natural emissions would be reduced under sulfate geoengineering for three main reasons: (1) a reduction in surface temperatures that would, in turn, be connected with a highly probable reduction in rainfall, compared with the predicted increase under most future warming scenarios (Trenberth, 1998;Pandey et al, 2017); this would reduce the amount of CH 4 produced by wetland areas, thus affecting the atmospheric methane concentration; (2) the increased surface deposition of sulfate under SG conditions would itself produce changes in emissions from wetlands (Gauci et al, 2008); (3) SG could help avert one of the possible risks of global warming, i.e., the emission of methane from permafrost thawing (Kohnert et al, 2017). It remains to be investigated how much these effects, together, could offset the photochemical CH 4 increase resulting from our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Sulfate geoengineering (SG), made by sustained injection of SO 2 in the tropical lower stratosphere, may impact the CH 4 abundance through several photochemical mechanisms affecting tropospheric OH and hence the methane lifetime. (a) The reflection of incoming solar radiation increases the planetary albedo and cools the surface, with a tropospheric H 2 O decrease. (b) The tropospheric UV budget is upset by the additional aerosol scattering and stratospheric ozone changes: the net effect is meridionally not uniform, with a net decrease in the tropics, thus producing less tropospheric O( 1 D). (c) The extratropical downwelling motion from the lower stratosphere tends to increase the sulfate aerosol surface area density available for heterogeneous chemical reactions in the mid-to-upper troposphere, thus reducing the amount of NO x and O 3 production. (d) The tropical lower stratosphere is warmed by solar and planetary radiation absorption by the aerosols. The heating rate perturbation is highly latitude dependent, producing a stronger meridional component of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. The net effect on tropospheric OH due to the enhanced stratosphere-troposphere exchange may be positive or negative depending on the net result of different superimposed species perturbations (CH 4 , NO y , O 3 , SO 4 ) in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). In addition, the atmospheric stabilization resulting from the tropospheric cooling and lower stratospheric warming favors an additional decrease of the UTLS extratropical CH 4 by lowering the horizontal eddy mixing. Two climate-chemistry coupled models are used to explore the above radiative, chemical and dynamical mechanisms affecting CH 4 transport and lifetime (ULAQ-CCM and GEOSCCM). The CH 4 lifetime may become significantly longer (by approximately 16 %) with a sustained injection of 8 Tg-SO 2 yr −1 starting in the year 2020, which implies an increase of tropospheric CH 4 (200 ppbv) and a positive indirect radiative forcing of sulfate geoengineering due to CH 4 changes (+0.10 W m −2 in the 2040-2049 decade and +0.15 W m −2 in the 2060-2069 decade).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)

et al. 2017

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“…Driscoll et al, 2001) but the impact on the global carbon cycle has not been quantified. Sulphate deposition also impacts natural wetlands and rice paddies resulting in suppressed methane emissions (Gauci et al, 2008). The future deposition of particulates to ecosystems will depend on both changes to anthropogenic emissions and climate (e.g., Tagaris et al, 2008).…”

Section: Natural Aerosols As a Source Of Nutrients For Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

et al. 2010

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Abstract.The natural environment is a major source of atmospheric aerosols, including dust, secondary organic material from terrestrial biogenic emissions, carbonaceous particles from wildfires, and sulphate from marine phytoplankton dimethyl sulphide emissions. These aerosols also have a significant effect on many components of the Earth system such as the atmospheric radiative balance and photosynthetically available radiation entering the biosphere, the supply of nutrients to the ocean, and the albedo of snow and ice. The physical and biological systems that produce these aerosols can be highly susceptible to modification due to climate change so there is the potential for important climate feedbacks. We review the impact of these natural systems on atmospheric aerosol based on observations and models, including the potential for long term changes in emissions and the feedbacks on climate. The number of drivers of change is very large and the various systems are strongly coupled. There have therefore been very few studies that integrate the various effects to estimate climate feedback factors. Nevertheless, available observations and model studies suggest that the regional radiative perturbations are potentially several Watts per square metre due to changes in these natural aerosol emissions in a future climate. Taking into account only the direct radiative effect of changes in the atmospheric burden of natural aerosols, and neglecting potentially large effects on other parts of the Earth system, a global mean radiative perturbation approaching 1 W m −2 is possible by the end of the century. The level of scientific understanding of the climate drivers, interactions and impacts is very low.

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“…The artificial method eradicating methane emission from acid rain formation [5] is parallel to give poison to someone to eradicate another poison. In the artificial acid rain formation the boundary cannot be fixed due to reasons described in the introduction part of the manuscript.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gauci et al [5] found that acid rain rates of SO 4 2-deposition may help reduce CH 4 emissions from paddy fields. Emissions from rice plants treated with simulated acid rain at levels of SO 4 2-consistent with the range of deposition in Asia were reduced by 24% during the grain filling and ripening stage of the rice 4 emission by 43%.…”

Section: Beneficial Effect Of Acid Rain: a Contrary Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combating Acid Rain: Physically Based Process and Product

2013

Hydrol Current Res

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The acid rain caused due to air pollution from the presence of CO 2, SO 2 and NO 2, has long been experienced world wide, albeit with variation of intensity of occurrences in different regions and time of a year. In this study a product and process was developed to eradicate insitu the CO 2 and SO 2. The product and Process designated as Geoact-Ca5 was adequately tested for the pollutants that exist in stratified columnar situation similar to that in open environment. Action of the Geoact-Ca5 converts the polluting agents responsible for causing acid rains and its harmful effects in to inert and harmless product or even to some useful products such as CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 . The product and process is applicable for eradication of acid rain causing pollutants such as CO 2 and SO 2 in any region and before the occurrence of events of rain or snow and situation that leads to the dry deposits of acid rain. Thus, unmaneuverable problem of acid rain can be controlled by applying the Geoact-Ca5 at selected locations and time of the year. The budget for the application of Geoact-Ca5 can be derived by selling the carbon credits generated by accounting the eradication. New areas of research are suggested.

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Suppression of rice methane emission by sulfate deposition in simulated acid rain

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)

Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

Combating Acid Rain: Physically Based Process and Product

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