Suppression of Rice Cryptochrome 1b Decreases Both Melatonin and Expression of Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Genes Resulting in Salt Tolerance

Hwang, Ok Jin; Back, Kyoungwhan

doi:10.3390/molecules26041075

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Melatonin biosynthesis is initiated from aromatic amino acid tryptophan in four steps catalyzed by tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), SNAT, and ASMT [ 13 ]. In plants, melatonin synthesis requires light, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and various photoreceptors (e.g., phytochromes and cryptochromes) [ 16 , 23 , 30 ]. Many biotic and abiotic stresses that cause ROS production can contribute to increased melatonin production in plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Gibberellin Treatment Enhances Melatonin Synthesis for Melatonin-Enriched Rice Production

Hwang

Back

2022

Biomolecules

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Melatonin production is induced by many abiotic and biotic stressors; it modulates the levels of many plant hormones and their signaling pathways. This study investigated the effects of plant hormones on melatonin synthesis. Melatonin synthesis in rice seedlings was significantly induced upon exogenous gibberellin 3 (GA3) treatment, while it was severely decreased by GA synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol. In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA) strongly inhibited melatonin synthesis, whereas its inhibitor norflurazon (NF) induced melatonin synthesis. The observed GA-mediated increase in melatonin was closely associated with elevated expression levels of melatonin biosynthetic genes such as TDC3, T5H, and ASMT1; it was also associated with reduced expression levels of catabolic genes ASDAC and M2H. In a paddy field, the treatment of immature rice seeds with exogenous GA led to enhanced melatonin production in rice seeds; various transgenic rice plants downregulating a GA biosynthesis gene (GA3ox2) and a signaling gene (Gα) showed severely decreased melatonin levels, providing in vivo genetic evidence that GA has a positive effect on melatonin synthesis. This is the first study to report that GA is positively involved in melatonin synthesis in plants; GA treatment can be used to produce melatonin-rich seeds, vegetables, and fruits, which are beneficial for human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Gibberellin Treatment Enhances Melatonin Synthesis for Melatonin-Enriched Rice Production

Hwang

Back

2022

Biomolecules

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“…However, there are no reports on the possible relationship between HAT inhibitors and melatonin biosynthesis in plants. Loss-of-function analyses, such as knockout and RNA interference (RNAi), have been used extensively to investigate the functional roles of melatonin in model plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice [ 43 , 44 ]. As an alternative, the discovery of chemical inhibitors of melatonin biosynthesis in plants will provide an effective approach to examine the roles of melatonin in plants that are not accessible using transgenic approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Rice Serotonin N-Acetyltransferases by MG149 Decreased Melatonin Synthesis in Rice Seedlings

2021

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We examined the effects of two histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitors on the activity of rice serotonin N-acetyltransferases (SNAT). Two rice recombinant SNAT isoenzymes (SNAT1 and SNAT2) were incubated in the presence of either MG149 or MB3, HAT inhibitors. MG149 significantly inhibited the SNAT enzymes in a dose-dependent manner, especially SNAT1, while SNAT2 was moderately inhibited. By contrast, MB3 had no effect on SNAT1 or SNAT2. The application of 100 μM MG149 to rice seedlings decreased melatonin by 1.6-fold compared to the control, whereas MB3 treatment did not alter the melatonin level. MG149 significantly decreased both melatonin and N-acetylserotonin when rice seedlings were challenged with cadmium, a potent elicitor of melatonin synthesis in rice. Although MG149 inhibited melatonin synthesis in rice seedlings, no melatonin deficiency-induced lamina angle decrease was observed due to the insufficient suppression of SNAT2, which is responsible for the lamina angle decrease in rice.

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“…PCR circumstances were set up as outlined by Vighi et al [ 77 ] and Cai et al [ 51 ]. A set of genes-specific primers [ 51 , 52 , 77 , 78 ] were applied for amplification. An internal reference gene, UBQ10 , was used [ 77 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SNAC3 Transcription Factor Enhances Arsenic Stress Tolerance and Grain Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) through Regulating Physio-Biochemical Mechanisms, Stress-Responsive Genes, and Cryptochrome 1b

Pooam¹,

El-Ballat

Jourdan³

et al. 2023

Plants

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Arsenic (As) is one of the toxic heavy metal pollutants found in the environment. An excess of As poses serious threats to plants and diminishes their growth and productivity. NAC transcription factors revealed a pivotal role in enhancing crops tolerance to different environmental stresses. The present study investigated, for the first time, the functional role of SNAC3 in boosting As stress tolerance and grain productivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Two SNAC3-overexpressing (SNAC3-OX) and two SNAC3-RNAi transgenic lines were created and validated. The wild-type and transgenic rice plants were exposed to different As stress levels (0, 25, and 50 µM). The results revealed that SNAC3 overexpression significantly improved rice tolerance to As stress and boosted grain yield traits. Under both levels of As stress (25 and 50 µM), SNAC3-OX rice lines exhibited significantly lower levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and OsCRY1b (cryptochrome 1b) expression, but they revealed increased levels of gas exchange characters, chlorophyll, osmolytes (soluble sugars, proteins, proline, phenols, and flavonoids), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, and POD), and stress-tolerant genes expression (OsSOD-Cu/Zn, OsCATA, OsCATB, OsAPX2, OsLEA3, OsDREB2B, OsDREB2A, OsSNAC2, and OsSNAC1) in comparison to wild-type plants. By contrast, SNAC3 suppression (RNAi) reduced grain yield components and reversed the aforementioned measured physio-biochemical and molecular traits. Taken together, this study is the first to demonstrate that SNAC3 plays a vital role in boosting As stress resistance and grain productivity in rice through modulating antioxidants, photosynthesis, osmolyte accumulation, and stress-related genes expression, and may be a useful candidate for further genetic enhancement of stress resistance in many crops.

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Suppression of Rice Cryptochrome 1b Decreases Both Melatonin and Expression of Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Genes Resulting in Salt Tolerance

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Exogenous Gibberellin Treatment Enhances Melatonin Synthesis for Melatonin-Enriched Rice Production

Exogenous Gibberellin Treatment Enhances Melatonin Synthesis for Melatonin-Enriched Rice Production

Inhibition of Rice Serotonin N-Acetyltransferases by MG149 Decreased Melatonin Synthesis in Rice Seedlings

SNAC3 Transcription Factor Enhances Arsenic Stress Tolerance and Grain Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) through Regulating Physio-Biochemical Mechanisms, Stress-Responsive Genes, and Cryptochrome 1b

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