Suppression of Retinoic Acid Receptor   in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer In Vivo: Implications for Lung Cancer Development

Abstract

The loss of expression of one or more of these nuclear retinoid receptors may be associated with lung carcinogenesis.

Expression of nuclear retinoid receptors in normal, premalignant and malignant gastric tissues determined by in situ hybridization

“…Expression of RARα is decreased in tissues of squamous cell carcinoma (Issing and Wustrow, 1996) and mouse skin tumours (Darwiche et al, 1995(Darwiche et al, , 1996, and the decrease is associated with activation of the protein kinase C or H-ras oncogene in mouse skin tumours (Darwiche et al, 1996). RARβ expression is decreased in tissues of the head and neck (Xu et al, 1994a), breast (Xu et al, 1997b;Widschwendter et al, 1997), larynx (Castillo et al, 1997) and nonsmall-cell lung cancers (Xu et al, 1997a). A decrease in RARγ expression is found in mouse skin tumours (Darwiche et al, 1995(Darwiche et al, , 1996 and tissues of non-small-cell lung cancer (Xu et al, 1997b).…”

“…A decrease in RARγ expression is found in mouse skin tumours (Darwiche et al, 1995(Darwiche et al, , 1996 and tissues of non-small-cell lung cancer (Xu et al, 1997b). An increase in RXRα and a decrease in RXRβ expression is found in tumours of skin (Darwiche et al, 1995) and non-small-cell lung cancer (Xu et al, 1997a) respectively. The difference in alteration of RAR and RXR subtypes among various tumours may be associated with tissue-specific functions of each retinoid receptor subtype as well as differences in mechanisms of carcinogenesis among tumours.…”

Induction of retinoic acid receptor-β suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 expression in esophageal cancer cells

“…For example, RAR-b expression is suppressed progressively during tumor development in the oral cavity (Hu et al, 1991;Lotan et al, 1995) and in cancers of the lung (Gebert et al, 1991;Xu et al, 1997b), breast (Swisshelm et al, 1994;Xu et al, 1997a), and esophagus (Qiu et al, 1999). Many lung and esophageal cancer cell lines that do not express RAR-b are resistant to growth inhibition by retinoids (Geradts et al, 1993;.…”

Synergistic effects of retinoic acid and 8-Cl-cAMP on apoptosis require caspase-3 activation in human ovarian cancer cells

“…Data (mean+s.e. of quadruplicate determinations) represent one of three separate experiments that gave similar results number of malignant tumors, including lung carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and breast carcinoma (Swisshelm et al, 1994;Houle et al, 1993;Zhang et al, 1994;Xu et al, 1997a). In vitro experiments have demonstrated that RARb mediates retinoid action in breast cancer cells by promoting apoptosis (Liu et al, 1996a;Xu et al, 1997b).…”