Suppression of Protein Adsorption on a Charged Phospholipid Polymer Interface

Abstract

High capability of a charged interface to suppress adsorption of both anionic and cationic proteins was reported. The interface was covalently constructed on quartz by modifying with an anionic phospholipid copolymer, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-co-n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)-co-potassium 3-methacryloyloxypropyl sulfonate (PMPS)-co-3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMSi)) (PMBSSi). The PMBSSi interfaces were very hydrophilic and homogeneous and could function effectively for a long time even under long-term fluidic working conditions. The PMBSSi density on the interface, which was controllable by adjusting the PMBSSi concentration of the modification solution, affected the surface properties, including the surface contact angle, the surface roughness, and the surface zeta-potential. When a PMBSSi modification was applied, the adsorption of various proteins (isoelectric point varying from 1.0 to 11.0) on quartz was reduced to at least 87% in amount, despite the various electrical natures these proteins have. The protein adsorption behavior on the PMBSSi interface depended more on the PMBSSi density than on the surface charge. The PMBSSi modification had a stable impact on the surface, not only at the physiologic ionic strength, but also over a range of the ionic strength, suggesting that electrostatic interactions do not dominate the behavior of protein adsorption to the PMBSSi surface.

Structures and Synthesis of Zwitterionic Polymers

“…In particular, the latter profits from the facile incorporation of reactive groups in special positions, e.g., in the center or at the ends of the polymers, that enable efficient attachment of the macromolecules onto the substrates. Still, classical grafting-from [318][319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331][332][333][334][335], grafting-to [336][337][338][339][340][341][342][343][344][345][346], and grafting-through [316,347] procedures are of course continuously in use, especially in industrial applications, where the activation of the surfaces for the grafting process by physical means or by simple, "unpretentious" chemistry is preferred for reasons of experience, cost and high-throughput.…”

Phospholipid Polymer Biointerfaces for Lab-on-a-Chip Devices

“…Many phospholipid polymers based on MPC polymer chemistry have been developed and studied for functionalized surface modification. The MPC monomer can copolymerize with various vinyl monomers to form phospholipid polymers having a wide variety of molecular architectures including random, 34,95,104 block, 43,54,89 graft, 20,21,33 charged, 51,[111][112][113] and end functional polymers. 38,44,70,110 They could form cellmembrane-like surfaces by coating the polymer, 36,48,[111][112][113] blending with the polymer, 28,88 and grafting to the polymer chains, 35,47,48 and thereby provided biointerfaces capable of suppressing many biological responses such as nonspecific interactions with proteins, platelets, and cells (Fig.…”

“…These molecular designs share common features as follows. First, good solubility of a polymer in mild solvents such as water and ethanol is required so that the modification can be easily handled by microfluidics; the MPC polymer having more than 30% mole fraction of MPC units is apt to dissolve in water and possesses enough capability to inhibit nonspecific interactions with various proteins, platelets and cells, [111][112][113] so the compositions of the designed MPC polymers are usually higher than 30% (mole fraction). Second, long-term stability of a modification in microfluidic conditions is desired so that interactions between the polymer layer and the substrates should be considered in the molecular design.…”

“…1). MPC polymers have been used to form cellmembrane-like interfaces for chip applications via physical adsorption, 4,68,70,73,75,76,87,95 chemical bonding, 22,25,29,38,[111][112][113] and photo-induced grafting. 20,21 In this paper, we have reviewed recent achievements and progress in the development of various functional MPC polymer biointerfaces for lab-on-a-chip devices and biomedical applications.…”

MPC polymer regulates fibrous tissue formation by modulating cell adhesion to the biomaterial surface

“…To improve its mechanical properties and reduce the proneness to delamination, MPC may be copolymerized with other methacrylate monomers, such as n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), nhexyl methacrylate, and n-dodecyl methacrylate (DMA) 9) , through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) or conventional free radical polymerization initiated by different methods 10) . Having circumvented the mechanical weaknesses through copolymerization, MPC polymers have since become attractive candidates for artificial organs and have shown potential in a wide range of medical device applications.…”