Suppression of glutamate synthase genes significantly affects carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Lu, Yongen; Luo, Feng; Yang, Meng; Li, Xianghua; Lian, Xingming

doi:10.1007/s11427-011-4191-9

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In rice, the suppression of both GOGAT genes reduced yield per plant and thousand kernel weight, phenotypic indications of nitrogen starvation [20]. Transgenic wheat cv Kasalath lines over-expressing the NADH-GOGAT rice orthologue (accession no.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Analysis of the Wheat Genes Encoding NADH-Dependent Glutamine-2-oxoglutarate Amidotransferases and Correlation with Grain Protein Content

Nigro

Huo

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundNitrogen uptake and the efficient absorption and metabolism of nitrogen are essential elements in attempts to breed improved cereal cultivars for grain or silage production. One of the enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism is glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (GOGAT). Together with glutamine synthetase (GS), GOGAT maintains the flow of nitrogen from NH4 + into glutamine and glutamate, which are then used for several aminotransferase reactions during amino acid synthesis.ResultsThe aim of the present work was to identify and analyse the structure of wheat NADH-GOGAT genomic sequences, and study the expression in two durum wheat cultivars characterized by low and high kernel protein content. The genomic sequences of the three homoeologous A, B and D NADH-GOGAT genes were obtained for hexaploid Triticum aestivum and the tetraploid A and B genes of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum. Analysis of the gene sequences indicates that all wheat NADH-GOGAT genes are composed of 22 exons and 21 introns. The three hexaploid wheat homoeologous genes have high conservation of sequence except intron 13 which shows differences in both length and sequence. A comparative analysis of sequences among di- and mono-cotyledonous plants shows both regions of high conservation and of divergence. qRT-PCR performed with the two durum wheat cvs Svevo and Ciccio (characterized by high and low protein content, respectively) indicates different expression levels of the two NADH-GOGAT-3A and NADH-GOGAT-3B genes.ConclusionThe three hexaploid wheat homoeologous NADH-GOGAT gene sequences are highly conserved – consistent with the key metabolic role of this gene. However, the dicot and monocot amino acid sequences show distinctive patterns, particularly in the transit peptide, the exon 16–17 junction, and the C-terminus. The lack of conservation in the transit peptide may indicate subcellular differences between the two plant divisions - while the sequence conservation within enzyme functional domains remains high. Higher expression levels of NADH-GOGAT are associated with higher grain protein content in two durum wheats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Analysis of the Wheat Genes Encoding NADH-Dependent Glutamine-2-oxoglutarate Amidotransferases and Correlation with Grain Protein Content

Nigro

Huo

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…The NADH-GOGAT gene was also identified as a major candidate gene for cereal NUE by a cross-genome ortho-meta QTL study of NUE [39]. QTL for GPC has also been reported on chromosome 3AL in in the homoeologous position of the NADH-GOGAT-3B gene [40] A proof of the central role of GOGAT genes was obtained in rice; the suppression of both GOGAT genes reduced yield per plant and thousand kernel weight, phenotypic indications of nitrogen starvation [41].…”

Section: Gogat Allelic Variants and Relationship With Gpcmentioning

confidence: 95%

Allelic Variants of Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamate Synthase Genes in a Collection of Durum Wheat and Association with Grain Protein Content

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Wheat is one of the most important crops grown worldwide. Despite the fact that it accounts for only 5% of the global wheat production, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) is a commercially important tetraploid wheat species, which originated and diversified in the Mediterranean basin. In this work, the candidate gene approach has been applied in a collection of durum wheat genotypes; allelic variants of genes glutamine synthetase (GS2) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) were screened and correlated with grain protein content (GPC). Natural populations and collections of germplasms are quite suitable for this approach, as molecular polymorphisms close to a locus with evident phenotypic effects may be closely associated with their character, providing a better physical resolution than genetic mapping using ad hoc constituted populations. A number of allelic variants were detected both for GS2 and GOGAT genes, and regression analysis demonstrated that some variations are positively and significantly related to the GPC effect. Additionally, these genes map into homoeologous chromosome groups 2 and 3, where several authors have localized important quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for GPC. The information outlined in this work could be useful in breeding and marker-assisted selection programs.

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“…G l u t a m i n e 2 -o x o g l u t a r a t e aminotransferase (glutamate synthase, GOGAT) and glutamine synthetase (GS) are the key enzymes in primary assimilation and reassimilation of nitrogen in plants. These enzymes catalyze coupled reactions known as the GS/GOGAT cycle, through which inorganic nitrogen is transformed into organic nitrogen (Lu et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTS OF BLUE LIGHT AND PACLOBUTRAZOL ON SEED GERMINATION, VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BLACK RICE (Oryza sativa L. 'Cempo Ireng')

Dewi

Agustina²,

Nurmalika³

2017

BIOTROPIA

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Black rice (Oryza sativa L. "Cempo Ireng") is one of local rice varieties in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. The black color is caused by high anthocyanin content which is important source of antioxidant. The cultivation of black rice is still limited due to its tall phenotype, long vegetative stage and low productivity compared to white rice. Paclobutrazol is a growth retardant causing dwarfing in several crop plants and reducing lodging. Blue light can improve plant quality. This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of blue light and paclobutrazol on seed germination, vegetative growth and yield of black rice. The results showed that the average of seed germination as well as the activity of α-amylase of seeds subjected to blue light were lower compared to those subjected to sunlight; however, paclobutrazol concentrations did not affect seed germination percentage. The height of rice plants treated with paclobutrazol decreased in accordance with the increase of paclobutrazol concentration. Chlorophyll content and tiller numbers increased by paclobutrazol treatment of 12.5 ppm. Nitrate reductase activity was higher in rice seedlings subjected to blue light compared to those subjected to sunlight. Iron (Fe) content of rice plants treated with 25 or 50 ppm paclobutrazol increased compared to control. It was concluded that paclobutrazol application of 12.5 ppm already reduced plant height. The higher concentration of paclobutrazol applied the greater reduction on plant height was observed. Blue light treatment applied during black rice seed germination slightly reduced germination percentage and α-amylase activity in the germinated seeds. However, blue light treatment combined with paclobutrazol application during black rice seed germination increased chlorophyll content, tiller numbers and Fe content in black rice grain.

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Suppression of glutamate synthase genes significantly affects carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Structural Analysis of the Wheat Genes Encoding NADH-Dependent Glutamine-2-oxoglutarate Amidotransferases and Correlation with Grain Protein Content

Structural Analysis of the Wheat Genes Encoding NADH-Dependent Glutamine-2-oxoglutarate Amidotransferases and Correlation with Grain Protein Content

Allelic Variants of Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamate Synthase Genes in a Collection of Durum Wheat and Association with Grain Protein Content

EFFECTS OF BLUE LIGHT AND PACLOBUTRAZOL ON SEED GERMINATION, VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BLACK RICE (Oryza sativa L. 'Cempo Ireng')

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