Suppression of Ghrelin Exacerbates HFCS-Induced Adiposity and Insulin Resistance

Lin, Ligen; Yue, Jing; Wu, Chia-Shan; Guo, Cathy A.; Yu, Kai; Devaraj, Sridevi; Murano, Peter S.; Chen, Jake Y.; Sun, Yuxiang

doi:10.3390/ijms18061302

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Most notably, GLP-1 secretion is regulated by IL-6 [32]; thus, offering a further insight on the molecular mechanism linking dietary AGEs exposure to impairment in incretin levels. Ghrelin signaling is another key mediator linking nutrient-sensing signals with insulin resistance, and ablation of ghrelin has been reported to worsen diet-induced insulin resistance and adipose inflammation [33]. As previously documented [34,35], ghrelin may contribute to the physiological anti-AGEs system, counteracting the deleterious effects exerted by AGEs on vascular endothelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effects of Exogenous Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products on the Cross-Talk Mechanisms Linking Microbiota to Metabolic Inflammation

et al. 2020

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Heat-processed diets contain high amounts of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Here we explore the impact of an AGE-enriched diet on markers of metabolic and inflammatory disorders as well as on gut microbiota composition and plasma proteins glycosylation pattern. C57BL/6 mice were allocated into control diet (CD, n = 15) and AGE-enriched diet (AGE-D, n = 15) for 22 weeks. AGE-D was prepared replacing casein by methylglyoxal hydroimidazolone-modified casein. AGE-D evoked increased insulin and a significant reduction of GIP/GLP-1 incretins and ghrelin plasma levels, altered glucose tolerance, and impaired insulin signaling transduction in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, AGE-D modified the systemic glycosylation profile, as analyzed by lectin microarray, and increased Nε-carboxymethyllysine immunoreactivity and AGEs receptor levels in ileum and submandibular glands. These effects were associated to increased systemic levels of cytokines and impaired gut microbial composition and homeostasis. Significant correlations were recorded between changes in bacterial population and in incretins and inflammatory markers levels. Overall, our data indicates that chronic exposure to dietary AGEs lead to a significant unbalance in incretins axis, markers of metabolic inflammation, and a reshape of both the intestinal microbiota and plasma protein glycosylation profile, suggesting intriguing pathological mechanisms underlying AGEs-induced metabolic derangements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effects of Exogenous Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products on the Cross-Talk Mechanisms Linking Microbiota to Metabolic Inflammation

et al. 2020

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“…[ 101 ] indicated that ghrelin plays a modulatory role in taste sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, ghrelin exerts protective effects on fructose corn syrup-induced adiposity and insulin resistance [ 102 ]. Moreover, ghrelin signaling has an important role in macrophage polarization and adipose tissue inflammation during aging [ 103 ].…”

Section: Ghrelin and Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone, regulates energy balance and lipid metabolism

Liang

Wang

et al. 2018

Bioscience Reports

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Ghrelin, an acylated peptide hormone of 28 amino acids, is an endogenous ligand of the released growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Ghrelin has been isolated from human and rat stomach and is also detected in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Ghrelin receptor is primarily located in the neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein neurons. Many previous studies have shown that ghrelin and GHSR are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and its administration can increase food intake and body weight gain. AMP-activated protein kinase is activated by ghrelin in the hypothalamus, which contributes to lower intracellular long-chain fatty acid level. Ghrelin appears to modulate the response to food cues via a neural network involved in the regulation of feeding and in the appetitive response to food cues. It also increases the response of brain areas involved in visual processing, attention, and memory to food pictures. Ghrelin is also an important factor linking the central nervous system with peripheral tissues that regulate lipid metabolism. It promotes adiposity by the activation of hypothalamic orexigenic neurons and stimulates the expression of fat storage-related proteins in adipocytes. Meanwhile, ghrelin exerts direct peripheral effects on lipid metabolism, including increase in white adipose tissue mass, stimulation of lipogenesis in the liver, and taste sensitivity modulation.

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“…Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide that is mainly secreted in the stomach fundus cells, but is also produced, in smaller amounts, in other bodily organs, such as the hypothalamus, heart, pancreatic cells, lungs, adrenals, kidneys, and placenta [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide that plays an important role in regulating disorders, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes [ 11 ]. Ghrelin increases food intake and causes weight gain, mainly in the fat tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin in Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Kimber-Trojnar

Patro-Małysza

Skórzyńska-Dziduszko

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Women with a previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases in the future. The aim of the study was to evaluate ghrelin concentrations in serum and urine in the GDM group in the early post-partum period, with reference to laboratory results, body composition, and hydration status. The study subjects were divided into two groups, that is, 28 healthy controls and 26 patients with diagnosed GDM. The maternal body composition and hydration status were evaluated by the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. The concentrations of ghrelin in the maternal serum and urine were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The laboratory and BIA results of the mothers with GDM were different from those without GDM. Urine ghrelin positively correlated with serum ghrelin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels in healthy mothers. There were direct correlations between urine ghrelin and HDL as well as triglycerides levels in the GDM group. Neither the lean tissue index nor body cell mass index were related to the serum ghrelin concentrations in this group. Only the urine ghrelin of healthy mothers correlated with the fat tissue index. Our results draw attention to urine as an easily available and appropriable biological material for further studies.

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Suppression of Ghrelin Exacerbates HFCS-Induced Adiposity and Insulin Resistance

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of Exogenous Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products on the Cross-Talk Mechanisms Linking Microbiota to Metabolic Inflammation

Effects of Exogenous Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products on the Cross-Talk Mechanisms Linking Microbiota to Metabolic Inflammation

Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone, regulates energy balance and lipid metabolism

Ghrelin in Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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