Suppression of experimental autoimmune neuritis by ABR-215062 is associated with altered Th1/Th2 balance and inhibited migration of inflammatory cells into the peripheral nerve tissue

Updates on the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis

“…Although the exact mechanism of action of laquinimod is unknown, in animal models, the drug reduces leukocyte infiltration into target tissues (glomeruli in SLE and optic nerves in multiple sclerosis), downregulates MHC class II gene expression (and hence antigen presentation), and modulates cytokine balance. [62][63][64] …”

Managed Approaches to Multiple Sclerosis in Special Populations

“…24,25 Although the exact mechanism(s) of action of laquinimod is/are incompletely understood, this drug has been reported to (a) decrease secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and enhance secretion of antiinflammatory cytokines and (b) upregulate brainderived neurotrophic factor. 26,27 In addition, laquinimod was shown in an in vitro study to suppress genes associated with antigen presentation and inflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both healthy controls and patients with relapsing MS. 28 Laquinimod has been evaluated in 2 large, randomized phase 3 studies known as ALLEGRO (Assessment of oraL Laquinimod in prEventing proGRession Of MS; NCT00509145), which has a placebo control arm, and BRAVO (Benefit-Risk Assessment of Avonex and Laquinimod; NCT00605215), in which the active comparator is IFNβ-1a 30 mcg per week. Neither the results from BRAVO nor ALLEGRO have been published in the peer-reviewed literature.…”

Profile of oral laquinimod and its potential in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

“…In an EAN mouse model, Zou et al 18 demonstrated suppression of T cell proliferation with a significant decrease in cells expressing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in sciatic nerves, with an increase in cells expressing interleukin (IL)-4. They concluded that the drug may shift the cytokine profile from inflammatory to antiinflammatory and affect T cell differentiation.…”