Suppression of clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) development in Brassica campestris sp. chinensis L. via exogenous inoculation of Piriformospora indica

Abstract

The aim of the current study is to contribute to the basic understanding of Piriformosporaindica-Brassica campestris sp. chinensis interactions and to assess its impact on clubroot. This study revealed that P. indica, plant-root-colonizing fungus of Basidiomycetes, is capable to reduce the formation of clubroot in B. campestris sp. chinensis which is extremely susceptible to the root pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. Roots of the P. brassicae-infected plant were colonized with P. indica, as demonstrated by staining technique and microscopy. Like that, enhanced biomass was observed in P. indica co-inoculated plants by comparing with plants grown without P. indica as well as the plants infected with the pathogen only. Co-inoculation of the plant with both P. indica and P. brassicae reduced gall formation up to 61.60% by comparing plants infected with only P. brassicae as shown by the disease index. Higher level of flavonoids was also observed in P. indica inoculated plants which contribute to enhancing the plant immune system. Thus, a hypothesis was proposed that P. brassicae development in B. campestris sp. chinensis plants could be delayed with the inoculation of P. indica. Expression of P. brassicae genes which were differentially expressed during disease development was monitored using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and was corroborated with delayed pathogen development. The results suggest that P. indica and perhaps other beneficial endosymbionts could be an effective tool for the management of clubroot infection.

Serendipita indica as a Plant Growth Promoter and Biocontrol Agent against Black Rot Disease in Cabbage Grown in a Phytotron

“…In a variety of vegetable crops, including tomato, lettuce, cabbage, bell pepper, spinach, and sweet potatoes, it improves plant growth, quality, and productivity [8][9][10][11][12][13]. In addition, S. indica has been demonstrated to shield crops from a variety of diseases, including verticillium wilt and early blight in tomatoes [14,15], club root in Chinese cabbage [16], black spot in cabbage [10], and stemphylium leaf blight in onion [17]. Furthermore, S. indica has been shown to mitigate heavy metal concentrations and their absorption in soil, hence alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses [18,19].…”

The Effects of Serendipita indica and Guanidine-Modified Nanomaterial on Growth and Development of Cabbage Seedlings and Black Spot Infestation

“…In Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis, inoculation with S. indica resulted in enhanced biomass and reduced club-rot gall formation by up to 61.6% [11]. S. indica can be applied to plant species using various methods, such as seed inoculation, root dip, and soil inoculation.…”