“…The antibacterial mechanism is centered on the ability of the nanostructures to stretch the bacterial membrane in the process of bacterial adhesion. 22,23 By reducing the particle size it will increase the surface area, and increase contact with the surrounding environment, so the release of ions is faster than regular-sized particles. 17 Based on the results of the Games Howell post hoc test (Table 3), the ability to inhibit the growth of S.mutans bacteria in the treatment group was significantly lower compared to CPP-ACP.…”
Introduction: Caries is the most common oral disease found in society. The prevalence of caries in South Kalimantan is as high as 46.9% in 2018. S.mutans is the causative microorganism in the initial occurrence of caries. Strategy that can be used to prevent caries is by adding nano-hydroxyapatite to the tooth paste. Nano-hydroxyapatite can be obtained from Snakehead (Channa striata) fish bone. Snakehead is a kind of fish that is abundant in Banjarmasin. This study aimed to analyze antibacterial activity of the nano-hydroxyapatite paste from snakehead (Channa striata) fish bone against S.mutans bacteria. Methods: The study consisted of 5 treatment groups: negative control (basic formula), positive control (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate or CPP-ACP) and three treatment groups (nano-hydroxyapatite paste concentration of 10, 20 and 30%. The paste was made in the formulation of F1, F2, and F3. The antibacterial activity test by measuring MIC and MBC were performed using dilution method. Results: MIC of nano-hydroxyapatite paste was at a concentration of 10% with an average value of the difference absorbance of -0.468. MIC values in the concentration of 10%, 15%, 20% positive and negative control groups had a significant difference. MBC of nano-hydroxyapatite paste was at concentration of 15%. Concentration of 10% and the negative control group showed a significant difference, while concentration of 15% and 20% groups did not show a significant difference. Conclusion: Nano-hydroxyapatite paste from Snakehead fish bone has antibacterial activity in inhibiting and eliminating mutated S.mutans bacteria. The most effective concentration of antibacterial nano-hydroxyapatite paste to prevent caries was 10%. At this concentration, nano-hydroxyapatite can inhibit the growth of S.mutans without killing the bacteria.KEYWORDS fish bone, nano-hydroxyapatite, snakehead, S.mutans
“…The antibacterial mechanism is centered on the ability of the nanostructures to stretch the bacterial membrane in the process of bacterial adhesion. 22,23 By reducing the particle size it will increase the surface area, and increase contact with the surrounding environment, so the release of ions is faster than regular-sized particles. 17 Based on the results of the Games Howell post hoc test (Table 3), the ability to inhibit the growth of S.mutans bacteria in the treatment group was significantly lower compared to CPP-ACP.…”
Introduction: Caries is the most common oral disease found in society. The prevalence of caries in South Kalimantan is as high as 46.9% in 2018. S.mutans is the causative microorganism in the initial occurrence of caries. Strategy that can be used to prevent caries is by adding nano-hydroxyapatite to the tooth paste. Nano-hydroxyapatite can be obtained from Snakehead (Channa striata) fish bone. Snakehead is a kind of fish that is abundant in Banjarmasin. This study aimed to analyze antibacterial activity of the nano-hydroxyapatite paste from snakehead (Channa striata) fish bone against S.mutans bacteria. Methods: The study consisted of 5 treatment groups: negative control (basic formula), positive control (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate or CPP-ACP) and three treatment groups (nano-hydroxyapatite paste concentration of 10, 20 and 30%. The paste was made in the formulation of F1, F2, and F3. The antibacterial activity test by measuring MIC and MBC were performed using dilution method. Results: MIC of nano-hydroxyapatite paste was at a concentration of 10% with an average value of the difference absorbance of -0.468. MIC values in the concentration of 10%, 15%, 20% positive and negative control groups had a significant difference. MBC of nano-hydroxyapatite paste was at concentration of 15%. Concentration of 10% and the negative control group showed a significant difference, while concentration of 15% and 20% groups did not show a significant difference. Conclusion: Nano-hydroxyapatite paste from Snakehead fish bone has antibacterial activity in inhibiting and eliminating mutated S.mutans bacteria. The most effective concentration of antibacterial nano-hydroxyapatite paste to prevent caries was 10%. At this concentration, nano-hydroxyapatite can inhibit the growth of S.mutans without killing the bacteria.KEYWORDS fish bone, nano-hydroxyapatite, snakehead, S.mutans
“…Pathogenic bacteria attaching to the mucosa directly interact and consequently damage the tissue, which may be inhibited by a treatment with probiotics [ 96 ]. Anti-adhesive effects of probiotics on pathogenic bacteria have also been suggested as a protective mechanism resulting either from a competition for the same receptor or from an induction of mucin production.…”
Section: Effect Of Food-derived Bioactive Compounds On the Gastrointestinal (Mucosal) Immune Systemmentioning
The gastrointestinal system is responsible for the digestion and the absorption of nutrients. At the same time, it is essentially involved in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The strongest antigen contact in an organism takes place in the digestive system showing the importance of a host to develop mechanisms allowing to discriminate between harmful and harmless antigens. An efficient intestinal barrier and the presence of a large and complex part of the immune system in the gut support the host to implement this task. The continuous ingestion of harmless antigens via the diet requires an efficient immune response to reliably identify them as safe. However, in some cases the immune system accidentally identifies harmless antigens as dangerous leading to various diseases such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases and allergies. It has been shown that the intestinal immune function can be affected by bioactive compounds derived from the diet. The present review provides an overview on the mucosal immune reactions in the gut and how bioactive food ingredients including secondary plant metabolites and probiotics mediate its health promoting effects with regard to the intestinal immune homeostasis.
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