Suppression Effects of Betaine-Enriched Spinach on Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced by Guanidinoacetic Acid and Choline Deficiency in Rats

Liu, Yiqun; Jia, Zheng; Han, Feng; Inakuma, Takahiro; Miyashita, Tatsuya; Sugiyama, Kimio; Sun, Lingyun; Xiang, Xuesong; Huang, Zhiming

doi:10.1155/2014/904501

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…The increased enzyme activity was not seen with choline deficient-induced hyperhomocysteinaemia [21,22]. When dietary methionine is high, the methionine will be rapidly converted to SAM, resulting in a rise in i n t r a c e l l u l a r S A M .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Palm tocotrienol-rich fraction inhibits methionine-induced cystathionine β-synthase in rat liver

et al. 2015

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Oxidative stress plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. The study investigated the effects of dietary palm tocotrienol-rich fraction on homocysteine metabolism in rats fed a high-methionine diet. Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups. Five groups were fed with high-methionine diet (1%) for 10 weeks. Groups 2 to 5 were also given dietary folate (8 mg/kg) and three doses of palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (30, 60 and 150 mg/kg) from week 6 to week 10. The last group was only given basal rat chow. High-methionine diet increased plasma homocysteine after 10 weeks, which was prevented by the supplementations of folate and high-dose palm tocotrienol-rich fraction. Hepatic S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) content was unaffected in all groups but S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) content was reduced in the folate group. Folate supplementation increased the SAM/SAH ratio, while in the palm tocotrienol-rich fraction groups, the ratio was lower compared with the folate. Augmented activity of hepatic cystathionine β-synthase and lipid peroxidation content by high-methionine diet was inhibited by palm tocotrienol-rich fraction supplementations (moderate and high doses), but not by folate. The supplemented groups had lower hepatic lipid peroxidation than the high-methionine diet. In conclusion, palm tocotrienol-rich fraction reduced high-methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinaemia possibly by reducing hepatic oxidative stress in high-methionine-fed rats. It may also exert a direct inhibitory effect on hepatic cystathionine β-synthase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Palm tocotrienol-rich fraction inhibits methionine-induced cystathionine β-synthase in rat liver

et al. 2015

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“…BHMT mRNA has been shown to have up to a 3 fold increase with betaine supplementation [ 7 ]. In [ 8 ] it was shown that betaine supplementation causes a 45% increase in liver BHMT activity, Table 1 column 3. This was put into the model by assuming a linear increase in activity as the Bet concentration rises with a slope of 16%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth term is the activation of CBS by betaine. Table 1 , column 4, showing data from [ 8 ], suggests that a betaine increase can activate liver CBS by up to 18%. is the Heaviside function which is equal to zero when the Bet concentration is at or below steady state (315 μ M) and equals one otherwise.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women in the child-bearing years exhibit lower plasma homocysteine (Hcy) [ 4 ], higher betaine and choline [ 5 ], and lower S-andenosylmethionine (SAM) [ 6 ]. Various enzymes in OCM are upregulated or downregulated in women relative to men [ 4 , 7 , 8 ]. For example, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) is upregulated by estrogen [ 4 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences in hepatic one-carbon metabolism

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThere are large differences between men and women of child-bearing age in the expression level of 5 key enzymes in one-carbon metabolism almost certainly caused by the sex hormones. These male-female differences in one-carbon metabolism are greatly accentuated during pregnancy. Thus, understanding the origin and consequences of sex differences in one-carbon metabolism is important for precision medicine.ResultsWe have created a mathematical model of hepatic one-carbon metabolism based on the underlying physiology and biochemistry. We use the model to investigate the consequences of sex differences in gene expression. We give a mechanistic understanding of observed concentration differences in one-carbon metabolism and explain why women have lower S-andenosylmethionine, lower homocysteine, and higher choline and betaine. We give a new explanation of the well known phenomenon that folate supplementation lowers homocysteine and we show how to use the model to investigate the effects of vitamin deficiencies, gene polymorphisms, and nutrient input changes.ConclusionsOur model of hepatic one-carbon metabolism is a useful platform for investigating the mechanistic reasons that underlie known associations between metabolites. In particular, we explain how gene expression differences lead to metabolic differences between males and females.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-018-0621-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Our findings also suggest that poultry, especially geese, are intolerant of excess Met from 14 to 70 d of age given that growth performance was continuously depressed during this timeframe. Previous studies have shown that betaine is effective in suppressing methionine-induced HHcy in humans [22] and rats [26]. It is usually assumed that dietary Bet affects Hcy metabolism by stimulating Hcy remethylation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced by Methionine Excess is Effectively Suppressed by Betaine in Geese

Yang

et al. 2020

Animals

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The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of excess Methionine (Met) on the growth performance, serum homocysteine levels, apoptotic rates, and Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels in geese and to study the role of Bet (betaine) in relieving excess Met-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). In this study, 150 healthy male 14-day-old Yangzhou geese of similar body weight were randomly distributed into three groups with five replicates per treatment and 10 geese per replicate: the control group (fed a control diet), the Met toxicity group (fed the control diet +1% Met), and the Bet detoxification group (fed the control diet +1% Met +0.2% Bet). At 28, 49, and 70 d of age, the geese in the Met toxicity group had significantly lower body weights than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The serum homocysteine levels in geese at 70 d of age in the detoxification group were significantly lower than those in the Met toxicity group (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, Met significantly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis rates, while Bet reduced them. In conclusion, our results suggest that excess methionine reduces body weight induced by myocardial apoptosis, and Bet can be used to effectively lower plasma homocysteine levels.

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Suppression Effects of Betaine-Enriched Spinach on Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced by Guanidinoacetic Acid and Choline Deficiency in Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Palm tocotrienol-rich fraction inhibits methionine-induced cystathionine β-synthase in rat liver

Palm tocotrienol-rich fraction inhibits methionine-induced cystathionine β-synthase in rat liver

Sex differences in hepatic one-carbon metabolism

Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced by Methionine Excess is Effectively Suppressed by Betaine in Geese

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