“…Only few experimental studies on magnesium as dopant are available. It has been observed that Jahn-Teller distortion and charge ordering contribute towards the structural transition of LiMn 2 O 4 at low temperatures [8][9][10]19]. In the present work an attempt has been made to study the effect of dopants on the structural stability and electronic properties of pristine LiMn 2 O 4 through first-principles methods.…”
The effect of doping spinel LiMn 2 O 4 with chromium and magnesium has been studied using the first-principles spin density functional theory within GGA (generalized gradient approximation) and GGA+U. We find that GGA and GGA+U give different ground states for pristine LiMn 2 O 4 and same ground state for doped systems. For LiMn 2 O 4 the body centered tetragonal phase was found to be the ground state structure using GGA and face centered orthorhombic using GGA+U, while for LiM 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (M= Cr or Mg) it was base centered monoclinic and for LiMMnO 4 (M= Cr or Mg) it was body centered orthorhombic in both GGA and GGA+U. We find that GGA predicts the pristine LiMn 2 O 4 to be metallic while GGA+U predicts it to be the insulating which is in accordance with the experimental observations. For doped spinels, GGA predicts the ground state to be half metallic while GGA+U predicts it to be insulating or metallic depending on the doping concentration. GGA+U predicts insulator-metal-insulator transition as a function of doping in case of Cr and in case of Mg the ground state is found to go from insulating to a half metallic state as a function of doping. Analysis of the charge density and the density of 2 states suggest a charge transfer from the dopants to the neighboring oxygen atoms and manganese atoms. We have calculated the Jahn-Teller active mode displacement Q 3 for doped compounds using GGA and GGA+U. The bond lengths calculated from GGA+U are found to be in better agreement with the experimental bond lengths. Based on the bond lengths of metal and oxygen, we have also estimated the average oxidation states of the dopants.
“…Only few experimental studies on magnesium as dopant are available. It has been observed that Jahn-Teller distortion and charge ordering contribute towards the structural transition of LiMn 2 O 4 at low temperatures [8][9][10]19]. In the present work an attempt has been made to study the effect of dopants on the structural stability and electronic properties of pristine LiMn 2 O 4 through first-principles methods.…”
The effect of doping spinel LiMn 2 O 4 with chromium and magnesium has been studied using the first-principles spin density functional theory within GGA (generalized gradient approximation) and GGA+U. We find that GGA and GGA+U give different ground states for pristine LiMn 2 O 4 and same ground state for doped systems. For LiMn 2 O 4 the body centered tetragonal phase was found to be the ground state structure using GGA and face centered orthorhombic using GGA+U, while for LiM 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (M= Cr or Mg) it was base centered monoclinic and for LiMMnO 4 (M= Cr or Mg) it was body centered orthorhombic in both GGA and GGA+U. We find that GGA predicts the pristine LiMn 2 O 4 to be metallic while GGA+U predicts it to be the insulating which is in accordance with the experimental observations. For doped spinels, GGA predicts the ground state to be half metallic while GGA+U predicts it to be insulating or metallic depending on the doping concentration. GGA+U predicts insulator-metal-insulator transition as a function of doping in case of Cr and in case of Mg the ground state is found to go from insulating to a half metallic state as a function of doping. Analysis of the charge density and the density of 2 states suggest a charge transfer from the dopants to the neighboring oxygen atoms and manganese atoms. We have calculated the Jahn-Teller active mode displacement Q 3 for doped compounds using GGA and GGA+U. The bond lengths calculated from GGA+U are found to be in better agreement with the experimental bond lengths. Based on the bond lengths of metal and oxygen, we have also estimated the average oxidation states of the dopants.
“…It is possible that this resistivity anomaly region corresponds to the transition from short-range correlations to long range antiferromagnetic ordering. 76,77 These results will be conrmed by ongoing neutron scattering studies.…”
Section: Electrical Transport Propertiesmentioning
We report the results of a systematic investigation of structural, electrical transport, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of LiBxMn2−xO4 (where x = 0.0–1), synthesized via a one-step solid state reaction technique.
“…The spinel samples were prepared as reported earlier 10 from Li 2 CO 3 and manganese oxalate [Mn(II)C 2 O 4 ?2H 2 O] taken in suitable stoichiometric amounts. Well-ground powders were pre-®red in air at 1023 K for 24 h. This was followed by regrinding, pelletizing and ®ring in air for 12 h at 1073 K. Powder X-ray diffraction in the re¯ection (h22h) geometry was recorded with CuKa radiation on a Siemens D5005 diffractometer and treated with Rietveld analysis as implemented in the XND computer code.…”
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