Suppressing series resistance in organic solar cells by oxygen plasma treatment

Lin, Chien Hung; Tseng, Shao-Chin; Liu, Yuan Kui; Tai, Yian; Chattopadhyay, Surojit; Lin, Chi Feng; Lee, Jiun-Haw; Hwang, Jenn-Shyong; Hsu, Yu‐I; Chen, Li‐Chyong; Chen, Wei Chao; Chen, Kuei‐Hsien

doi:10.1063/1.2940236

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is well known that the series resistance is a parameter which can limit the performance of a solar cell by reducing both FF and photocurrent for both inorganic and organic solar cells. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Therefore, the effective series resistance of the ITO film must be minimized to prevent the overall power conversion efficiency from decreasing as the area increases.…”

Section: Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-scaling of organic solar cells

Choi¹,

Potscavage²,

Kippelen³

2009

Journal of Applied Physics

145

103

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We report on the performance of organic solar cells based on pentacene/C 60 heterojunctions as a function of active area. Devices with areas of 0.13 and 7 cm 2 were fabricated on indium-tin-oxide ͑ITO͒ coated glass. Degradation of the performance with increased area is observed and analyzed in terms of the power loss density concept. The various power loss contributions to the total series resistance ͑R S A͒ are measured independently and compared to the values of the series resistance extracted from the current-voltage characteristics using a Shockley equivalent circuit model. The limited sheet resistance of ITO is found to be one of the major limiting factors when the area of the cell is increased. To reduce the effects of series resistance, thick, electroplated, metal grid electrodes were integrated with ITO in large-area cells. The metal grids were fabricated directly onto ITO and passivated with an insulator to prevent electrical shorts during the deposition of the top Al electrode. By integrating metal grids onto ITO, the series resistance could be reduced significantly yielding improved performance. Design guidelines for metal grids are described and tradeoffs are discussed.

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Section: Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-scaling of organic solar cells

Choi¹,

Potscavage²,

Kippelen³

2009

Journal of Applied Physics

145

103

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“…14 XPS depth profiling has also been applied to study vertical phase separation in other BHJ organic systems 15 and ternary blends, 16 as well as effects of interfacial modifications. 17 Furthermore, XPS depth profiles can provide insight into degradation mechanisms in organic electronic devices, thereby tackling the issue of long-term stability. In one example, Dupont et al investigated moisture-assisted decohesion of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) films by tracking the oxygen concentration throughout the film by XPS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Damage Induced by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Depth Profiling of Organic Conjugated Polymers

Hofstetter

Vaynzof

2019

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling using monoatomic Ar + ion etching sources is a common technique that allows for the probing of the vertical compositional profiles of a wide range of materials. In polymer-based organic photovoltaic devices, it is commonly used to study compositional variations across the interfaces of the organic active layer with charge extraction layers or electrodes, as well as the vertical phase separation within the bulkheterojunction active layer. It is generally considered that the damage induced by the etching of organic layers is limited to the very top surface, such that the XPS signal (acquired from the top ~10 nm of the layer) remains largely unaffected, allowing for a reliable measurement of the sample composition throughout the depth profile. Herein, we investigate a range of conjugated polymers 2 and quantify the depth of the damage induced by monoatomic etching for Ar + ion energies ranging from 0.5 keV to 4 keV using argon gas cluster ion beam depth profiling. The results demonstrate that even when etching with the lowest available monoatomic ion energy for as little as 3 s, the damaged polymer material extends deeper into the bulk than the XPS probing depth. We show that the damaged material distorts the compositional information obtained by XPS, resulting in erroneous depth profiles. Furthermore, we propose that only gas cluster ion beam etching sources should be used for depth profiling of organic conjugated polymers, as those induce significantly less damage and maintain the compositional information throughout the entire profile.

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“…Although most of the carriers are generated in the photoactive layer, their collection is relative to the contact resistance at the organic/top electrode interface. 13 The decrease in series resistance indicates that the insertion of the thin WO 3 film suppresses the contact resistance remarkably.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of tungsten oxide in inverted polymer solar cells

Tao¹,

Ruan²,

Xie³

et al. 2009

Applied Physics Letters

306

174

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Tungsten oxide ͑WO 3 ͒ was inserted as an anode interfacial layer between the photoactive layer and top electrode in inverted polymer solar cells ͑PSCs͒ with nanocrystalline titanium dioxide as an electron selective layer. The device with WO 3 exhibited a remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiency compared with that without WO 3 , which indicated that WO 3 efficiently prevented the recombination of charge carriers at the organic/top electrode interface. The dependence of the device performances on WO 3 film thickness and different top metal electrodes was investigated. Transparent inverted PSCs with thermally evaporable Ag/ WO 3 as a transparent anode were also investigated when introducing a WO 3 buffer layer.

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Suppressing series resistance in organic solar cells by oxygen plasma treatment

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Area-scaling of organic solar cells

Area-scaling of organic solar cells

Quantifying the Damage Induced by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Depth Profiling of Organic Conjugated Polymers

Role of tungsten oxide in inverted polymer solar cells

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