Suppressing electroless growth allows cyanide-free electrodeposition of straight separable gold nanowires

Moghimian, Nima; Sam, Mahshid; Coelho, Jesse D.; Warwick, Stephen; Bhiladvala, Rustom B.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.107

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[13][14][15] Nowadays, the main complexing agents studied and used for cyanide-free gold plating electrolytes are sulte and thiosulfate. [16][17][18] Unfortunately, these cyanide-free gold plating electrolytes still suffer from problems of instability, which limits their further study and application. 19 A possible alternate to cyanide is DMH, a low cost and commercially available derivative of hydantoin with good solubility and stability in aqueous solutions in a large temperature range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of gold ions and DMH on cyanide-free gold electrodeposition

Ren

Liu

2018

RSC Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of gold ions and DMH on cyanide-free gold electrodeposition

Ren

Liu

2018

RSC Adv.

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“…Addition of polyethyleneimine.-Unlike the acceleration provided by heavy metal ions, N-bearing polymers such as PEI suppress gold deposition to values even below that of additive-free, intrinsically suppressed sulfite electrolytes. 58,59,72 The polarization reflecting this enhanced suppression can exceed several hundred millivolts in cyclic voltammograms with 0.32 mol•l −1 Na 3 Au(SO 3 ) 2 with PEI of 1800 molecular mass as shown in Fig. 16.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Additives for Superconformal Gold Feature Filling

Josell

Moffat

2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An overview of the effect of additives on Au electrodeposition from Na3Au(SO3)2 based electrolytes is presented with an emphasis on filling of fully metallized recessed surface features such as trenches and vias. The impact of heavy metal additives Tl+, Pb2+, and Bi3+ is reviewed and accompanied by a brief survey of the effects of Sb3+, Te4+, SeCN−, 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (MPS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) additions. The addition of Tl+, Pb2+, Bi3+ or Sb3+ accelerates the kinetics of Au(SO3)2 3− reduction to Au, as manifest in hysteretic voltammetry and rising chronoamperometric transients, and yields bright specular deposits. Gold deposition with Pb2+ addition exhibits superconformal filling in sub-micrometer trenches while Bi3+ addition induces a more extreme bottom-up filling, but Tl+ and Sb3+ additions yield essentially conformal deposition for the conditions examined. Modest acceleration and hysteresis observed with Te4+ addition reflect roughening due to limited nucleation, 3D growth and delayed coalescence, rather than catalysis, and are associated with conformal feature filling. Unlike the other additives, SeCN−, MPS and PEI inhibit the deposition kinetics. Breakdown of suppression during deposition in micrometer size trenches is biased toward recessed surfaces where the flux of suppressor is constrained, yielding localized deposition and superconformal filling.

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“…In some cases, nanowires were fabricated from electrolytes which also consist of heavy metals, for example, Co, Ni and Cu [10,11,13]. Some studies [14][15][16][17][18] show that Au can be deposited from cyanide-free electrolytes. However, such studies are relatively few.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gold nanowire synthesis by semi‐immersed nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide templates in potassium dicyanoaurate‐hexacyanoferrate electrolyte

Baitimirova

Pastare

Katkevics

et al. 2014

Micro & Nano Letters

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The synthesis reaction of potassium dicyanoaurate-hexacyanoferrate electrolyte and the pertinence of this electrolyte for gold nanowire synthesis are reported. Gold nanowires were synthesised in anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) nanopores using an improved design of the electrochemical cell. AAO templates with thick gold layers were placed on the surface of the electrolyte, thus the ends of the nanopores were opened, allowing the electrolyte to freely diffuse into the nanopores, extruding gases. The presented procedure simplifies the preparation before nanowire synthesis: AAO templates before synthesis do not need to degas and isolate themselves from contact with the electrolyte by a parafilm or a non-conductive adhesive. A considerably faster nanowire growth in the given conditions in the case of a semi-immersed AAO template when compared with the complete immersion method is reported. For comparison with literature data, gold nanowires were synthesised by the classical electrochemical cell using potassium dicyanoaurate-citrate electrolyte. Long, smooth and high purity nanowires were obtained using semi-immersed templates.

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Suppressing electroless growth allows cyanide-free electrodeposition of straight separable gold nanowires

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of gold ions and DMH on cyanide-free gold electrodeposition

Theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of gold ions and DMH on cyanide-free gold electrodeposition

Additives for Superconformal Gold Feature Filling

Gold nanowire synthesis by semi‐immersed nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide templates in potassium dicyanoaurate‐hexacyanoferrate electrolyte

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