Suppressing Bullfrog Larvae with Carbon Dioxide

Dissolved CO2 levels (pCO2) are increasing in lentic freshwaters across the globe. Recent studies have shown that this will impact the nutritional quality of phytoplankton as primary producers, however, the extent to which freshwater zooplankton may also be directly affected remains unclear. We test this in three model species representative of main functional groups of primary consumers in freshwaters; the water flea Daphnia magna, the seed shrimp Heterocypris incongruens and the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. We experimentally exposed individuals to three pCO2 levels (1,500; 25,500 and 83,000 ppm) to monitor changes in life history in response to current, elevated and extreme future pCO2 conditions in ponds and shallow lakes. All species had reduced survival under the extreme pCO2 treatment, but the water flea was most sensitive. Body size and reproduction were reduced at 25,500 ppm in the water flea and the seed shrimp and population growth was delayed in the rotifer. Overall, our results show that direct effects of pCO2 could impact the population dynamics of freshwater zooplankton. By differentially modulating the life history of functional groups of primary consumers, elevated pCO2 has the potential to change the evolutionary trajectories of populations as well as the ecological functioning of freshwater communities.

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“…bivalves [32] and frog larvae [33]. However, mortality induced by pCO 2 has not been reported in freshwater zooplankton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Effects of Elevated Dissolved CO2 Can Alter the Population Dynamics of Freshwater Zooplankton

Ramaekers

Pinceel

Brendonck

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Point of care testing using portable analyzers is common in veterinary medicine to measure complete blood counts and plasma or serum chemistry analytes, as well as circulating hormones, drug residues, and detection of specific infectious diseases in some species [ 1 – 4 ]. In reptile and amphibian species, analyzers such as the i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer (Abbott Point of Care Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA) have been used for the measurement of blood gases and biochemical parameters [ 2 , 5 – 7 ]. The i-STAT analyzer has also been employed in field research studies in reptiles where benchtop analysis was unavailable or unfeasible [ 8 – 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Dilution on Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) and Marine Toad(Rhinella marinus) Blood Parameters as Measured on a Portable Chemistry Analyzer

Griffioen

Stowe

Trosclair

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine International

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Biochemical testing is an important clinical tool in evaluating the physiology of reptiles and amphibians. Suitable point of care analyzers can allow for rapid delivery of results, but small patient size can inhibit sufficient sample collection. This study evaluated the utility of sample dilution with sterile distilled water as a means of biochemical evaluation when sample volume is limited. Blood was collected from 12 eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) and 12 marine toads (Rhinella marinus) and analyzed via i-STAT CHEM8+ cartridges. Two undiluted samples and two samples diluted 1 : 1 with sterile water were evaluated immediately following collection for each animal in the study. Analytes reported in the diluted samples were limited to glucose, ionized calcium, and total carbon dioxide. The expected dilution ratio value of diluted to undiluted samples was 0.5, of which glucose in both turtles and toads was nearest. Dilution ratio values for ionized calcium, however, were higher than expected in both turtles and toads. Sample dilution is not recommended for most analytes included on the CHEM8+ cartridge due to values occurring outside the limits of detection for the analyzer. Glucose and ionized calcium values obtained on diluted samples should be interpreted with caution but may provide clinical utility in reptile and amphibian patients where sample volume is limited.

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“…Further, antimycin-A is no longer registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), making it unavailable for use. The USEPA recently registered carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) for restricted use as a pesticide for deterrence and lethal control and researchers have demonstrated it to negatively impact a range of aquatic species (Bierbower and Cooper 2010;Nielson et al 2012;Abbey-Lambertz et al 2014;Hasler et al 2016;Cupp et al 2018;Robertson et al 2018;Waller and Bartsch 2018;Waller et al 2019). Carbon dioxide use as a pesticide is expanding and may eventually provide a potential alternative or complement to traditional chemical control agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide-Induced Mortality of Four Species of North American Fishes

Treanor¹,

Ray

Amberg

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management

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There is growing interest in the use of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a management tool for controlling invasive fishes. However, there is limited published data on susceptibility of many commonly encountered species to elevated CO 2 concentrations. Our objective was to estimate the 24-h LC 50 and LC 95 of four fishes (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss , Common Carp Cyprinus carpio , Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus , and Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi ). In the laboratory, we exposed juvenile fish to a range of CO 2 concentrations for 24-h in unpressurized, flow-through tanks. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to estimate the dose response relationship for each fish species with associated uncertainty, and 24-h LC 50 and LC 95 values were estimated based on laboratory trials for each species. The minimum concentration inducing mortality differed among cold water-adapted species and warm water-adapted species groups: 150 mg CO 2 /L for Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout and 225 mg CO 2 /L for Common Carp and Channel Catfish. We observed complete mortality at 275 mg CO 2 /L (38,672 µatm), 225 mg CO 2 /L (30,711 µatm), and 495 mg CO 2 /L (65,708 µatm (CC); 77,213 µatm (CF)) for Westslope Cutthroat Trout, Rainbow Trout, and both Common Carp and Channel Catfish, respectively. There was evidence of a statistical difference between the LC 95 values of Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout (245.0 ( 222.2 to 272.2 ) and 190.6 ( 177.2 to 207.8 ) mg CO 2 /L, respectively). Additionally, these values were almost half the estimated 24-h LC 95 s for Common Carp and Channel Catfish (422.5 ( 374.7 to 474.5 ) and 434.2 ( 377.2 to 492.2 ) mg CO 2 /L, respectively). Although the experimental findings show strong relationships between increased CO 2 concentration and higher mortality, additional work is needed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of a CO 2 application in a field setting.

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Suppressing Bullfrog Larvae with Carbon Dioxide

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Direct Effects of Elevated Dissolved CO2 Can Alter the Population Dynamics of Freshwater Zooplankton

Direct Effects of Elevated Dissolved CO2 Can Alter the Population Dynamics of Freshwater Zooplankton

Comparison of Dilution on Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) and Marine Toad(Rhinella marinus) Blood Parameters as Measured on a Portable Chemistry Analyzer

Carbon Dioxide-Induced Mortality of Four Species of North American Fishes

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