Supporting smoking cessation

Zwar, Nicholas; Mendelsohn, Colin; Richmond, Robyn

doi:10.1136/bmj.f7535

Cited by 82 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Many smokers will quit smoking successfully after receiving behavioural support and pharmacotherapy 4. However, most short‐term quitters will relapse and return to regular smoking within a year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐help educational booklets for the prevention of smoking relapse following smoking cessation treatment: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2015

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AimsMost people who quit smoking for a short term will return to smoking again in 12 months. We tested whether self‐help booklets can reduce relapse in short‐term quitters after receiving behavioural and pharmacological cessation treatment.DesignA parallel‐arm, pragmatic individually randomized controlled trial.SettingSmoking cessation clinics in England. Participants People who stopped smoking for 4 weeks after receiving cessation treatment in stop smoking clinics.InterventionParticipants in the experimental group (n = 703) were mailed eight booklets, each of which taught readers how to resist urges to smoke. Participants in the control group (n = 704) received a leaflet currently used in practice.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was prolonged, carbon monoxide‐verified abstinence from months 4 to 12. The secondary outcomes included 7‐day self#x02010;reported abstinence at 3 and 12 months. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to estimate treatment effects and to investigate possible effect modifying variables.FindingsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups in prolonged abstinence from months 4 to 12 (36.9% versus 38.6%; odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.75–1.16; P = 0.524). In addition, there were no significant differences between the groups in any secondary outcomes. However, people who reported knowing risky situations for relapse and using strategies to handle urges to smoke were less likely to relapse.ConclusionsIn people who stop smoking successfully with behavioural support, a comprehensive self‐help educational programme to teach people skills to identify and respond to high‐risk situations for return to smoking did not reduce relapse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐help educational booklets for the prevention of smoking relapse following smoking cessation treatment: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2015

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“…Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and varenicline combined with behavioral therapies are the firstline pharmacological treatments recommended in smoking cessation centers [3][4][5][6][7]. In clinical trials, long-term cessation rates in smokers with smoking-related disorders were reported to be 15-29%, 27-29%, and 43-48% for nicotine therapy, bupropion, and varenicline, respectively [5].…”

Section: This Study Was Presented As An Oral Presentation At the Tüsamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In clinical trials, long-term cessation rates in smokers with smoking-related disorders were reported to be 15-29%, 27-29%, and 43-48% for nicotine therapy, bupropion, and varenicline, respectively [5]. In addition to pharmacological treatments, intensive face-to-face or group interviews providing psychological support and phone call follow-ups increase smoking cessation rates [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: This Study Was Presented As An Oral Presentation At the Tüsamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can a Computer-Based Prescription of Free Medication Increase Smoking Cessation Rates Efficiently?

Fidan¹,

Çağlayan²,

Parmaksız³

et al. 2015

Turk Thorac J

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OBJECTIVES:In 2011, in the context of a research project, bupropion and varenicline were distributed to smoking cessation clinics by the Ministry of Health of Turkey to be prescribed free of charge by a computer-based system. In the present study, we compared smoking cessation rates between patients who were prescribed free medications during the period of the project and those who had to pay for their medication. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Six hundred four patients who applied during the project period were given either bupropion or varenicline, which were prescribed using an algorithm-based computer system. Three hundred sixteen patients who applied after that period were prescribed medicines deemed appropriate by the attending physician but had to pay for the medication on their own. Follow-up visits were arranged for one year. Carbon monoxide (CO) levels in the expired air were used as indicators of cessation. RESULTS:A total of 537 patients began treatment, of which 438 (81.6%) applied during the first period (group 1) and 99 (18.4%) applied during the second period (group 2). The mean age and concomitant disease presence were higher in the second-period patients (p< 0.05). Advanced age, comorbidities, pathological findings in spirometry, and chest X-ray were also higher in those who paid for the cost of their treatment (p= 0.009, 0.001, 0.006, 0.001, respectively). Smoking cessation rates were found to be 14.8% and 27.3% after six months (p= 0.008) and 10.7% and 18.2% after one year (p= 0.059), respectively, for group 1 and group 2. Age, dependence score, cigarettes smoked (as pack-years), and percentage of patients who paid for the treatment were found to be significantly higher (p< 0.001, 0.021, 0.018, 0.001, respectively) for those who quit smoking at the end of six months. For the patients who quit smoking at the end of one year, age was found to be significantly higher (p= 0.008), and the number of males was higher, although the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.05). When logistic regression analysis was applied, age, dependence score, and paid treatment were found to be independent variables (p= 0.002, 0.008, 0.012, respectively) for those who quit smoking at the end of six months. Only age was found to be an independent variable for those who quit smoking at the end of one year (p= 0.029). CONCLUSION:More smokers could receive treatment by the distribution of free drugs. However, quitting rates at the end of six months were higher when patients had to pay for their treatment. On the other hand, quitting rates at the end of one year were not affected by whether the treatment was paid for or free of charge. The most important factor increasing quitting rates at the end of six months and one year was found to be advanced age.

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“…[8][9][10] According to a meta-analysis, which evaluated the success of smoking cessation treatments in subjects with COPD, the success of smoking cessation within 6 -12 months varied between 13.7 and 34.5% for pharmacologic treatment with behavioral therapy. 11 Although subjects with COPD who received the recommended treatments for smoking cessation were expected to be more successful in smoking cessation due to their symptoms, one study showed no difference in the motivation and success for smoking cessation between COPD and non-COPD subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Pulmonary Function Testing on the Success of Smoking Cessation

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND:In several studies, low spirometric levels have been shown to increase the success rates of smoking cessation, whereas other studies have indicated that pulmonary function has no effects on quitting smoking. Given the fact that there are contradictory results on this subject, we aimed to investigate the effect of identifying airway obstruction via spirometry and its explanation to subjects on the success rate of smoking cessation in the short term. METHODS: Subjects who were admitted to the smoking cessation out-patient clinic, underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and completed at least 3 months of the cessation program following their admittance were included in the study. At the first interview, all subjects were asked about their comorbid diseases and smoking habits. PFTs were performed. Subjects who had an obstruction on PFT were informed that their condition was smoking-related, and that further deterioration could be prevented following smoking cessation. Then the smoking cessation date was determined together with the subject, and one of the smoking cessation medicines was prescribed. All subjects were given control appointments twice for the first month and once per month for the following 2-month follow-up period. Subjects who had CO levels between 0 and 5 parts per million were considered as nonsmokers. RESULTS: The mean age of the 563 subjects was 41.9 ؎ 12.1 y 340 subjects (60.4%) were male. A total of 162 subjects (28.8%) came to the follow-up visits following the first interview. The success of smoking cessation for 3 months was 11.3% for all subjects and 39.5% for subjects who came to follow-up visits. Of the subjects with obstruction on PFT; 22.8% stopped smoking, whereas 8.4% of the subjects without obstruction did so (P < .001). The percentage of subjects with obstruction on PFT was significantly higher (P < .001) and the FEV 1 % (P ‫؍‬ .005), FEV 1 /FVC (P < .001), and forced expiratory flow 25-75% (P ‫؍‬ .008) levels were significantly lower in the quitters compared with the non-quitters. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (P ‫؍‬ .001) and the presence of obstruction on PFT (P ‫؍‬ .029) were independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age and the presence of obstruction on PFT increase the success of smoking cessation. Pulmonary function tests should be performed on all patients who apply to smoking cessation out-patient clinics, and patients should be informed about their condition.

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Supporting smoking cessation

Cited by 82 publications

References 164 publications

Self‐help educational booklets for the prevention of smoking relapse following smoking cessation treatment: a randomized controlled trial

Self‐help educational booklets for the prevention of smoking relapse following smoking cessation treatment: a randomized controlled trial

Can a Computer-Based Prescription of Free Medication Increase Smoking Cessation Rates Efficiently?

The Effect of Pulmonary Function Testing on the Success of Smoking Cessation

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