“…Over the past decade, a great deal of work has been done on the development of technologies designed to support teachers' pedagogical practices (Charleer, Klerkx, & Duval, 2014;Roschelle, Martin, Ahn, & Schank, 2017;Sherin, Jacobs, & Philipp, 2011;Verbert et al, 2014). Some researchers are designing innovative tools such as dashboards (Dillenbourg, 2013) monitoring tools that can provide teachers with real-time data on students' performance within online learning environmentsthat help teachers identify and support struggling students in classrooms (Holstein, McLaren, & Aleven, 2019;Martinez-Maldonado, Clayphan, Yacef, & Kay, 2015;Molenaar & Knoop-van Campen, 2017;Schwarz et al, 2018;Tissenbaum & Slotta, 2019;van Leeuwen, van Wermeskerken, Erkens, & Rummel, 2017). Without dashboards, teachers would have to identify the students who are having difficulty in a classroom based solely on behavioural cues such as raised hands (e.g., Sherin et al, 2011), or by manually tracking each student's progress simultaneously.…”