“…At the same time, rural gifted students may be faced with a number of challenges that may play a role in their underidentification and the underserving of their educational needs (Townend et al, 2020). These challenges may include the relatively small numbers of gifted students for social interaction (Azano et al, 2014; Gagnon & Mattingly, 2016), persistent poverty (Assouline et al, 2021; Hardré et al, 2009; Howley et al, 2009), a reduced likelihood of attaining advanced levels of education (Assouline et al, 2017), indifferent or negative community attitudes toward education and gifted education (Azano et al, 2014; Hernández-Torrano, 2018; Mattingly & Schaefer, 2015; Plunkett, 2012), a lack of experienced teachers with training in gifted education (Azano et al, 2014; Howley et al, 2009; Plucker & Puryear, 2018), a lack of availability or access to identification instruments that are suitable for rural gifted students (Floyd et al, 2011; Plucker, 2013), and a lack of range and rigor in the available educational provisions (Assouline et al, 2017; Azano et al, 2014; Pendarvis & Wood, 2009).…”