“…We also learned a detailed set of challenges and considerations with numerous aspects of non-visual visual arts appreciation, centering on access modalities, visual concept comprehension, interpretation freedom, convenience, and social tensions. These considerations call to past work on multimodality (e.g., [22,70,78]), non-visual presentations of visual information (e.g., [77,112]), and social considerations of assistive technologies (e.g., [76,80,110]), but specifically provide guidance for visual arts presentations. In particular, these findings provide novel insights on what blind patrons want to learn about specific elements of visual arts (e.g., form, shape, or content), which of them should be presented in what modalities (e.g., haptics, audio, level of interactivity) (Section 6.1), persisting challenges with these modalities, and what types of social and interpretation goals are involved (Section 4).…”