Supported Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts for Isomerization of n-hexane

Bikmetova, L. I.; Смоликов, М. Д.; Затолокина, Е. В.; Kazantsev, K. V.; Tregubenko, V. Yu.; Белый, А. С.

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.634

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The higher catalyst efficiency and reaction yield (conversion) is easily explained by the increased possibility of effective collisions, since kinetic energy of the reactant and catalyst particles are increased at higher temperatures. These results are somewhat different from previously reported [10,11] since, in most cases the increase of temperature seemed to have a negative influence on the selectivity while increasing the reaction conversion. In our paper, the selectivity also increased with the increase of the reaction temperature, but only slightly.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

The influence of selected process parameters on the reactions of n-hexane isomerization and transesterification catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

Stojkovic¹,

Vasić²,

Ljupković³

et al. 2017

Adv techn

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In view of the recent (ever) increasing need for environmentally friendly fuels, the processes of n-alkane isomerization and triglyceride(s) transesterification have gained importance because they enable the reduction of emissions of various hazardous substances into the environment. In this paper, sulfated ZrO 2 as a heterogeneous acid catalyst was used in model reactions of isomerization of n-hexane and transesterification of sunflower oil. The goal of this research was to determine the optimal process parameters for isomerization and transesterification reactions, since they can have a large influence on both ecological and economical validity of these processes when used on the industrial scale. For the transesterification process, the parameters investigated were: the catalyst loading and methanol to oil molar ratio whereas in the isomerization reaction, the optimal process temperature was determined. The catalyst loading was proven to increase the yield of transesterification, but only until the mass percentage of the catalyst reaches 10%. The optimum methanol to oil molar ratio was shown to be 60:1, as further increase of the methanol amount decreases the transesterification yield. The temperature of 325 ⁰C was determined to be optimal for the reaction of n-hexane isomerization under the experimental conditions applied.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

The influence of selected process parameters on the reactions of n-hexane isomerization and transesterification catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

Stojkovic¹,

Vasić²,

Ljupković³

et al. 2017

Adv techn

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“…7,8 Accidentally, it was found that alumina not only changed the crystal structure of zirconia but also had a huge impact on its acid properties and catalytic activity. 9,10 Hwang and their colleagues proposed that the introduction of alumina increased the pore size of zirconia and the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area. 11 Majumdar et al found that the introduction of a small amount of aluminum contributed to the formation of tetragonal zirconia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Alumina Introduction on a Pt–SO₄/ZrO₂ Catalyst in Light Naphtha Isomerization

Zhou

Song

Zhao

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Alumina-promoted Pt−SO 4 /ZrO 2 catalysts (termed as PtSZAl) with excellent stability were prepared for isomerization. In the present work, the impacts of alumina on structure, surface properties, isomerization activity, and stability were investigated. The results of characterizations showed that alumina introduction improved the stability of tetragonal zirconia and increased the pore volume and the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area. In addition, alumina also improved the water capacity of the catalyst, which contributed to better stability when the moisture content in the feed was high. The long-term life test was evaluated by nhexane and reforming topping oil in about 1000 h. The conversion of n-hexane was higher than 90%, and the research octane number of reforming topping oil was increased from 62.8 to 79.3. Moreover, the used catalyst was regenerated nine times and the activity was almost not reduced, which proved that the reusability of PtSZAl catalysts was perfect.

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“…The acidic site of silica is still weak, which is indicated by T max at 231 °C (Cecilia et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2014;Xin et al, 2016) and gives a low isomerization conversion rate (Liu et al, 2015), however, it demonstrates a fairly good selectivity (Wu et al, 2018). There have been many types of modifications to achieve an acid catalyst site, one of which is the Gheit et al, 2014;Ejtemaei et al, 2017), and hexane (Bikmetova et al, 2016). High selectivity of light paraffin isomerization was obtained at low temperatures (de Barros et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Hydroisomerisasion of n-Parafins over Supported Metal Catalysts

Safaat

Adilina²,

Tursiloadi³

2021

J. Rek. Pros.

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Catalytic hydroisomerization of n-paraffin aims to produce branched paraffin isomers and suppress cracking reactions in the production of the low cloud point of biodiesel. The development of the type of metal and catalyst support, amount of metal loading, and reaction conditions are important to increase the catalyst activity. A high performace catalyst for hydroisomerization bears bifunctional characteristics with a high level of hydrogenation active sites and low acidity, maximizing the progress of hydroisomerization compared to the competitive cracking reaction. In addition, a catalyst support with smaller pore size can hinder large molecular structure isoparaffins to react on the acid site in the pore thus providing good selectivity for converting n-paraffin. Catalysts loaded with noble metals (Pt or Pd) showed significantly higher selectivity for hydroisomerization than non-noble transition metals such as Ni, Co, Mo and W. The reaction temperature and contact time are also important parameters in hydroisomerization of long chain paraffin, because long contact times and high temperatures tend to produce undesired byproducts of cracking. This review reports several examples of supported metal catalyst used in the hydroisomerization of long chain hydrocarbon n-paraffins under optimized reaction conditions, providing the best isomerization selectivity results with the lowest amount of byproducts. The role of various metals and their supports will be explained mainly for bifunctional catalysts.

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Supported Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts for Isomerization of n-hexane

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

The influence of selected process parameters on the reactions of n-hexane isomerization and transesterification catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

The influence of selected process parameters on the reactions of n-hexane isomerization and transesterification catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

Impacts of Alumina Introduction on a Pt–SO₄/ZrO₂ Catalyst in Light Naphtha Isomerization

A Review on the Hydroisomerisasion of n-Parafins over Supported Metal Catalysts

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Supported Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts for Isomerization of n-hexane

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

The influence of selected process parameters on the reactions of n-hexane isomerization and transesterification catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

The influence of selected process parameters on the reactions of n-hexane isomerization and transesterification catalyzed by sulfated zirconia

Impacts of Alumina Introduction on a Pt–SO4/ZrO2 Catalyst in Light Naphtha Isomerization

A Review on the Hydroisomerisasion of n-Parafins over Supported Metal Catalysts

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Impacts of Alumina Introduction on a Pt–SO₄/ZrO₂ Catalyst in Light Naphtha Isomerization