Supported liquid membrane technique applicability for removal of chromium from tannery wastes

Citric acid and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid as effective washing agents to treat sewage sludge for agricultural reuse

“…Over the past few decades, many methods for sewage sludge treatment and disposal have been developed. These include chemical treatments (Lo and Chen, 1990;Stylianou et al, 2007), thermal treatments (Zorpas et al, 2001), ion exchange methods (Dabrowski et al, 2004;de Villiers et al, 1995), chlorination methods (Fraissler et al, 2009), electrochemistry methods (Hanay et al, 2009), membrane separation methods (Chaudry et al, 1998), and bioleaching methods (Chen et al, 2005;Pathak et al, 2009). Chemical treatments have received extensive attention due to the simplicity of operation processes, short operation times, and high efficiency for metal removal (Deng et al, 2009).…”

Removal of anionic pollutants from groundwaters using Alamine 336: chemical equilibrium modelling

“…HCr 2 O 7 − , Cr 2 O 7 2− and HCrO 4 − . 25,33,34 In the studied range of chromium concentration and pH, chromium is mainly present as hydrogen chromate (HCrO 4 − ) and dichromate (Cr 2 O 7 2− ) while the presence of other chromium species can be considered negligible. For this reason, the extraction reactions for both species were taken into account.…”

An Alternative Approach on Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Tannery Effluents Waste Using Streptomyces Sp.

“…Most heavy metals such as Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Cd are recorded to be present in complex form [7] and have become a menace when subjected to removal. Traditional chemical methods used for cleaning effluent pollutants usually remove symbiotic microbial biota which is a major adverse effect [8]. Hence, natural processes to break down the accumulated pollutants using biological system are currently used by researchers [9].…”