Supported gold nanoparticles: in-depth catalyst characterization and application in hydrogenation and oxidation reactions

Schimpf, Sabine; Lucas, Martin; Mohr, Christian; Rodemerck, Uwe; Brückner, Angelika; Radnik, Jörg; Hofmeister, H.; Claus, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(01)00479-5

Cited by 319 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The butenes selectivity at 383 K remained close to 99% in all cases. The deactivation with time on stream has been reported previously [75] and is likely due to the relatively strong adsorption of butadiene to the catalyst surface. TOFs were calculated based on the butadiene conversion after 3 h time on stream.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Gold Stabilized by Nanostructured Ceria Supports: Nature of the Active Sites and Catalytic Performance

et al. 2011

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The interaction of gold atoms with CeO 2 nanocrystals having rod and cube shapes has been examined by cyanide leaching, TEM, TPR, CO IR and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. After deposition-precipitation and calcination of gold, these surfaces contain gold nanoparticles in the range 2-6 nm. For the ceria nanorods, a substantial amount of gold is present as cations that replace Ce ions in the surface as follows from their first and second coordination shells of oxygen and cerium by EXAFS analysis. These cations are stable against cyanide leaching in contrast to gold nanoparticles. Upon reduction the isolated Au atoms form finely dispersed metal clusters with a high activity in CO oxidation, the WGS reaction and 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation. By analogy with the very low activity of reduced gold nanoparticles on ceria nanocubes exposing the {100} surface plane, it is inferred that the gold nanoparticles on the ceria nanorod surface also have a low activity in such reactions. Although the finely dispersed Au clusters are thermally stable up to quite high temperature in line with earlier findings (Y. Guan and E. J. M. Hensen, Phys Chem Chem Phys 11:9578, 2009), the presence of gold nanoparticles results in their more facile agglomeration, especially in the presence of water (e.g., WGS conditions). For liquid phase alcohol oxidation, metallic gold nanoparticles are the active sites. In the absence of a base, the O-H bond cleavage appears to be rate limiting, while this shifts to C-H bond activation after addition of NaOH. In the latter case, the gold nanoparticles on the surface of ceria nanocubes are much more active than those on the surface of nanorod ceria.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Gold Stabilized by Nanostructured Ceria Supports: Nature of the Active Sites and Catalytic Performance

et al. 2011

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“…1-Butene is always the major product (50-75 %), but the E/Z (trans/cis) ratio is variable, being usually~0.3-0.7 for 2-9 nm particles [20,29], rising slowly with size [29]. Values between 1.2 and 2.2 probably arise from larger particles [24][25][26]28], but where a broad distribution is reported [24], it is impossible to know what size of particles was actually operative.…”

Section: Hydrogenation Of 13-butadienementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenation by gold catalysts: an unexpected discovery and a current assessment

Bond

2016

Gold Bull

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Gold in the massive state shows little tendency either to chemisorb simple molecules or to act catalytically. The discovery made in 1973 that low loadings of Au on Al 2 O 3 and particularly on SiO 2 were active in alkene hydrogenation when prepared by thermal decomposition of adsorbed AuCl 4 − paved the way for later extensive studies of catalysis by this metal. The activity was attributed to that being Au particles <4 nm in size, and it soon appeared that similar catalysts performed the selective hydrogenation of 2-butyne and 1,3-butadiene. Later work strongly suggests that Au particles below ∼2.5 nm in size, and having non-metallic character, are especially adept at H 2 chemisorption and H 2 -D 2 equilibration, and that alkene hydrogenation then occurs in an H-rich environment. Larger Au particles have more limited activity, perhaps associated with atoms of low coordination number and an H-poor environment.

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“…Schimpf et al [146] synthesized Au/SiO 2 (Au loading of 2.4%wt) by CVD of Me 2 Au(acac), following the method proposed by Okumura et al [147]. Highly dispersed AuNPs with mean value of 1.4 nm were obtained.…”

Section: Chemical Vapor Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Gold Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Silica Materials: Recent Developments

2011

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Mesoporous silica materials (MSM) with ordered and controllable porous structure, high surface area, pore volume and thermal stability are very suitable catalyst supports, because they provide high dispersion of metal nanoparticles and facilitate the access of the substrates to the active sites. Since the conventional wet-impregnation and deposition-precipitation methods are not appropriate for the incorporation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into MSM, considerable efforts have been made to develop suitable methods to synthesize Au/MSM catalysts, because the incorporation of AuNPs into the channel system can prevent their agglomeration and leaching. In this review, we summarize the main methods to synthesize active gold catalysts supported on MSM. Examples and details of the preparative methods, as well as selected applications are provided. We expect this article to be interesting to researchers due to the wide variety of chemical reactions that can be catalyzed by gold supported catalysts.

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Supported gold nanoparticles: in-depth catalyst characterization and application in hydrogenation and oxidation reactions

Cited by 319 publications

References 49 publications

Gold Stabilized by Nanostructured Ceria Supports: Nature of the Active Sites and Catalytic Performance

Gold Stabilized by Nanostructured Ceria Supports: Nature of the Active Sites and Catalytic Performance

Hydrogenation by gold catalysts: an unexpected discovery and a current assessment

Synthesis of Gold Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Silica Materials: Recent Developments

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