Support Structures for Additive Manufacturing: A Review

Jiang, Jingchao; Xu, Xun; Stringer, Jonathan

doi:10.3390/jmmp2040064

Cited by 301 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…To this end, AM uses porous infill structures to support the outer hull. However, this infill is typically a repetitive lattice and is either not taken into account for the load transfer, or it is assumed to be isotropic [40]. Nonetheless, recent approaches in the field of topology optimization try to exploit the contribution of the infill to the load transfer [15].…”

Section: Analyzing Single-materials Fgm With the Finite Cell Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Cell Method for functionally graded materials based onV-models and homogenized microstructures

Wassermann

Korshunova

Kollmannsberger

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This paper proposes an extension of the nite cell method (FCM) to V-rep models, a novel geometric framework for volumetric representations. This combination of an embedded domain approach (FCM) and a new modelingframework (V-rep) forms the basis for an efficient and accurate simulation of mechanical artifacts, which are not only characterized by complex shapes but also by their non-standard interior structure. These types of objects gain more and more interest in the context of the new design opportunities opened by additive manufacturing, in particular when graded or micro-structured material is applied. Two different types of functionally graded materials (FGM) are considered: The rst one, multi-material FGM is described using the inherent property of V-rep models to assign different properties throughout the interior of a domain. The second, single-material FGM { which is heterogeneously micro-structured { characterizes the effective material behavior of representative volume elements by homogenization and performs large-scale simulations using the embedded domain approach.

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Section: Analyzing Single-materials Fgm With the Finite Cell Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Cell Method for functionally graded materials based onV-models and homogenized microstructures

Wassermann

Korshunova

Kollmannsberger

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Support structures must be designed to be accessible, heat-dissipating, lightweight and load-bearing [5]. Treelike supports are a popular design for metal AM that can be manually generated through commercial packages such as Meshmixer TM .…”

Section: Generating Support Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Support Removal for Additive Manufacturing Post Processing

Nelaturi

Behandish

Mirzendehdel

et al. 2019

Computer-Aided Design

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An additive manufacturing (AM) process often produces a near-net shape that closely conforms to the intended design to be manufactured. It sometimes contains additional support structure (also called scaffolding), which has to be removed in post-processing. We describe an approach to automatically generate process plans for support removal using a multi-axis machining instrument. The goal is to fracture the contact regions between each support component and the part, and to do it in the most cost-effective order while avoiding collisions with evolving near-net shape, including the remaining support components. A recursive algorithm identifies a maximal collection of support components whose connection regions to the part are accessible as well as the orientations at which they can be removed at a given round. For every such region, the accessible orientations appear as a 'fiber' in the collision-free space of the evolving near-net shape and the tool assembly. To order the removal of accessible supports, the algorithm constructs a search graph whose edges are weighted by the Riemannian distance between the fibers. The least expensive process plan is obtained by solving a traveling salesman problem (TSP) over the search graph. The sequence of configurations obtained by solving TSP is used as the input to a motion planner that finds collision free paths to visit all accessible features. The resulting part without the support structure can then be finished using traditional machining to produce the intended design. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through benchmark examples in 3D.

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“…The support material should be optimized so as to minimize material usage [12]. However, as a manufacturing process, the producing and removing support material show the significant potential increases in material consumption, energy usage and the several of manual post- processing required to produces the final part [12]. As well as, this situation indicates that there is an increase in production costs.…”

Section: A the Supports Structure Addition Effect To Weight Of 3d Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristic of Overhang Object to Material Usage on FDM 3D Printing Technology

Bintara

Aminnudin

Prasetiyo

et al. 2019

JMEST

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Fuse Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing is one of additive manufacturing technology which physical 3D model is build up layer by layer. The support structure is almost involved on the process if overhang shape is met on the 3D model. It has main function to prevent the 3D printed model from collapsing. Commonly, the single material source of FDM 3D printer machine is to supply building two structure, structure of main 3D object and support structure. Hence, our goal optimizes the using of support material for reducing the main material usage. Furthermore, the sixteen of variation overhang angle is set to the 3D model. All models are printed into two kind of 3D printed model, printed model with support structure addition and without support addition. The weight of each 3D printed model is measured by weight scale with accuracy of tool is 10 -4 g. Then the quality and the weight of 3D printed model are compared and analyzed. The result shows that the average overweight of 3D printed model with support structure addition is 40.41% than without support structure addition. Furthermore, there are several the 3D printed models without support structure that fail printed on variety model with 0° until 11° of overhang angle. The conclusion of this study is that the support structure can prevent the 3D printed model from collapsing but it does not need be built up if the overhang angle more than 11°.

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Support Structures for Additive Manufacturing: A Review

Cited by 301 publications

References 101 publications

Finite Cell Method for functionally graded materials based onV-models and homogenized microstructures

Finite Cell Method for functionally graded materials based onV-models and homogenized microstructures

Automatic Support Removal for Additive Manufacturing Post Processing

The Characteristic of Overhang Object to Material Usage on FDM 3D Printing Technology

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