“…For example, "compliance with legislation" is assessed as either "yes" or "no" in [21,22]. Other methods, such as Fuzzy-Topsis [2,23], Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) [24,25], Analytic Network Process (ANP) [21], Structural Equation Modeling [26], and a combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods (such as DEMATEL, fuzzy ANP, and AHP) [27] often utilize hierarchical models for performance assessment. While these methods do not rely on indicators with numeric scales, some use qualitative assessment scales, such as the fuzzy scale used for the "encourage to recycling" indicator in [21].…”
Section: Qualitative and Quantitativementioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this case, the assessment outcome is influenced by the interviewees' perceptions, and there are no defined metrics for these indicators. In contrast, the other studies (25) are based on indicators whose measurements are independent of the interviewees' perceptions, such as CO 2 emissions, recycling costs, and product return rate, among others. In some cases, the authors describe precisely how to calculate these indicators [3,28,29].…”
Section: Qualitative and Quantitativementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Economic [1,5,13,21,25,27,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Social [1,5,13,21,23,25,27,[29][30][31][32][33]35,38,40] Environmental [1,2,13,25,27,[30][31][32][34][35][36]41] Operational [1,5,13,24,25,27,[29][30][31]…”
Section: Perspectives Papersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ref. [25] report operational performance indicators related to the volumes transported among suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. Ref.…”
Background: The interest in the topic of performance assessment in reverse supply chains (RSC) is increasing, although the body of research is still in its early stages. As this is a developing field, it is crucial to expand discussions on topics that have not yet been thoroughly examined, such as the intrinsic bias of indicators and metrics that may be associated with specific operational, economic, environmental perspectives, etc. Such perspectives should be considered in the decision-making process within the context of reverse logistics (RL) and waste management (WM). The aim of this research was to identify different perspectives employed in the development of proposed models in the literature. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to analyze thirty papers from Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases without time restrictions. Results: The review identified various ways in which authors grouped perspectives, including qualitative and quantitative, sustainability, and operational perspectives, among others. Conclusions: This study revealed several gaps in the field, including limited studies on RSC performance assessment and a lack of studies linking performance assessment to decision-making components.
“…For example, "compliance with legislation" is assessed as either "yes" or "no" in [21,22]. Other methods, such as Fuzzy-Topsis [2,23], Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) [24,25], Analytic Network Process (ANP) [21], Structural Equation Modeling [26], and a combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods (such as DEMATEL, fuzzy ANP, and AHP) [27] often utilize hierarchical models for performance assessment. While these methods do not rely on indicators with numeric scales, some use qualitative assessment scales, such as the fuzzy scale used for the "encourage to recycling" indicator in [21].…”
Section: Qualitative and Quantitativementioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this case, the assessment outcome is influenced by the interviewees' perceptions, and there are no defined metrics for these indicators. In contrast, the other studies (25) are based on indicators whose measurements are independent of the interviewees' perceptions, such as CO 2 emissions, recycling costs, and product return rate, among others. In some cases, the authors describe precisely how to calculate these indicators [3,28,29].…”
Section: Qualitative and Quantitativementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Economic [1,5,13,21,25,27,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Social [1,5,13,21,23,25,27,[29][30][31][32][33]35,38,40] Environmental [1,2,13,25,27,[30][31][32][34][35][36]41] Operational [1,5,13,24,25,27,[29][30][31]…”
Section: Perspectives Papersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ref. [25] report operational performance indicators related to the volumes transported among suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. Ref.…”
Background: The interest in the topic of performance assessment in reverse supply chains (RSC) is increasing, although the body of research is still in its early stages. As this is a developing field, it is crucial to expand discussions on topics that have not yet been thoroughly examined, such as the intrinsic bias of indicators and metrics that may be associated with specific operational, economic, environmental perspectives, etc. Such perspectives should be considered in the decision-making process within the context of reverse logistics (RL) and waste management (WM). The aim of this research was to identify different perspectives employed in the development of proposed models in the literature. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to analyze thirty papers from Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases without time restrictions. Results: The review identified various ways in which authors grouped perspectives, including qualitative and quantitative, sustainability, and operational perspectives, among others. Conclusions: This study revealed several gaps in the field, including limited studies on RSC performance assessment and a lack of studies linking performance assessment to decision-making components.
“…However, the internal structure of the units is neglected in these studies. Therefore, more recent studies in this area have focused on DMUs with internal network structures and have introduced models for evaluating the efficiency of different network structures; for instance, see (Ajirlo et al , 2019; Heydari et al , 2020; Färe and Grosskopf, 1985; Färe and Grosskopf, 1997; Lo Storto, 2020; Jahani Sayyad Noveiri et al , 2019; Cook et al , 2000; Hoopes et al , 2000; Zhu, 2014; Chen and Zhu, 2004; Lewis and Sexton, 2004). Two-stage models are also used in other contexts, for example, when analyzing the influence of environmental categorical variables on DEA efficiency (Ruggiero, 1998).…”
Purpose
As returns to scale (RTS) describes the long run connection of the changes of outputs relative to increases in the inputs, the purpose of this study is to answer the following questions: If the proportionate changes exist in the inputs, what is the rate of changes in outputs with respect to the inputs’ variations in the two-stage networks over the long term? How can the authors investigate quantitative RTS in the two-stage networks? In other words, the purpose of this research is to introduce a different approach to estimate the performance, RTS and scale economies (SE) in network structures.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a novel non-radial approach based on data envelopment analysis to analyze the performance and to investigate RTS and SE in two-stage processes.
Findings
The findings show that the range adjusted measure (RAM)/RTS approach can identify reference sets for overall systems and each stage. In addition, the models presented in this paper can classify decision-making units and determine the increasing/decreasing trends of RTS.
Originality/value
The majority of previous RTS studies have been examined in black-box structures and have been discussed in a radial framework. Therefore, in this study, RTS and SE in the two-stage networks are dealt with using an extended RAM approach. Actually, the efficiency and RTS for each stage and the overall model are calculated using the proposed technique.
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