Supply Chain Risk Governance: Towards a Conceptual Multi-Level Framework

Abstract

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is currently putting high pressure on most countries' critical infrastructures (not only health care), creating huge uncertainties in supply and demand, and disrupting global supply chains. The global crisis will demonstrate the extent to which different parties (countries, public authorities, private companies etc.) can work together and take holistic decisions in such situations. A core question in supply chain management asks how independent decision-makers at many levels can work together and how this joint work can be governed. Supply chain risk management (SCRM), however, has focused mostly on how focal private companies apply SCRM processes to identify, analyse and mitigate risk related to upstream and downstream flows in their supply networks. At the same time, interorganisational collaboration to handle diverse risks is always needed. A risk that hits one organisation often affects other, interconnected organisations. This study aims to develop the term supply chain risk governance with an associated conceptual framework that embraces various types of supply chains and actors. In a cross-disciplinary literature study, we dissect, compare and combine risk governance with interorganisational aspects of SCRM and find that the mechanisms suggested in the risk governance literature coincide with many of those in SCRM. We suggest a combination of these to govern risk processes at an inter-organisational level, regardless of the type of organisation included in the supply chain. This would be suitable for critical infrastructures that often contain a mixture of private and public actors. The scope of the literature employed is limited, and some articles have played a larger role in the framework development. The paper explores new territory through this cross-disciplinary study, extends existing multi-level frameworks with inter-organisational governance mechanisms and proposes new governance mechanisms to the field. This study could support the understanding of how critical infrastructures in our society are governed so as to increase their resilience to both smaller and larger disruptions.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Temperature-Controlled Warehouses

“…It is important to note that the authors considered epidemics as a risk factor for this analysis. This was ahead of the manifestation of the COVID-19 pandemic that has made a huge impact to all supply chains, including cold chains (Ahlqvist et al, 2020;Enyinda, 2018). Our analysis shows that the epidemic risk factor (which could also be elongated to a pandemic) belongs to quadrant IV which indicates the Independent elements.…”

“…Thus, our findings show that an epidemic/pandemic can make a serious impact to any supply chain while driving other risk factors to an active level. However, according to the MICMAC analysis the pandemic risk does not directly impact cold chains (Ahlqvist et al, 2020). Instead, other risk factors are triggered by it to derail the cold chain.…”

Secure Identification, Traceability and Real-Time Tracking of Agricultural Food Supply During Transportation Using Internet of Things

“…Figure 6 depicts the level of trust between stakeholders in SCM involving Blockchain implementation (survey-based approach). It can be noticed that secure transaction is done through the Blockchain mechanism develop a significant level of trust in the whole SCM system [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Strong security threats can be observed in the traditional SCM mechanisms.…”

“…In this era of the industrial revolution, when the industry is producing a myriad of products at a very high rate to meet the needs of its consumers, the conventional SCM techniques are quite vulnerable to insecure delivery during the entire course of SCM [4]. Besides, the natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, rains, exceptionally hot or humid climate) [5], epidemics [6], local or regional geographical conditions [7], political policies [8], society norms [9], and even attitudes of SCM stakeholders [10] badly impact the delivery of valuable goods to destinations. These challenges and associated risk factors require SCM stakeholders including agriculture forms, producers, companies, consumers, and third-party mediators, to mitigate the risk to build resilient, cost-effective, and adaptive solutions to cater to the needs of modern SCM [11].…”

What Can the Brunei Government Do to Encourage Halal Logistics Adoption: Lessons from the Literature

“…Admittedly, firms depend on the government for both the physical and nonphysical support. Physical support from the government includes the provision of logistics infrastructure and capital assistance (Banomyong et al, 2015;Hafezalkotob et al, 2015;Jhawar et al, 2017;Li et al, 2020) whereas legislative and policy enforcements are examples of nonphysical support (Rivera et al, 2014;Ekici et al, 2016;Li et al, 2020;Ahlqvist et al, 2020). The synergy between government and logistics firms is manifest and extant literature ratifies the governmental forces in logistics research.…”