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Abstract:This study presents an optimization model of the upstream supply chain of an oilseed basedbiofuels production system. It has been developed considering West Africa rural context where family farming is mainly practiced. The model has been applied to a theoretical case of study on jatropha seeds supply chain. Four scenarios on farms surface area occupancy and on the transportation means used between farms and feedstock gathering points (GP) have been performed. Considering different farming systems, different seed yield, and different transportation mode, the results show that the most efficient option is the "intercropping" mode with the pre-processing operations located at the farms and with the transportation between farms and GP ensured by carts.
Abstract:This study presents an optimization model of the upstream supply chain of an oilseed basedbiofuels production system. It has been developed considering West Africa rural context where family farming is mainly practiced. The model has been applied to a theoretical case of study on jatropha seeds supply chain. Four scenarios on farms surface area occupancy and on the transportation means used between farms and feedstock gathering points (GP) have been performed. Considering different farming systems, different seed yield, and different transportation mode, the results show that the most efficient option is the "intercropping" mode with the pre-processing operations located at the farms and with the transportation between farms and GP ensured by carts.
Commonly process industries supply chains (SCs) deal with chemical process based networks involving suppliers, producers, warehouses, retailers, and distributors. More recently, reverse logistics activities started to be also considered as part of such networks, being these responsible for incorporating into the forward chains non-conforming/end-oflife products through recovering processes. This supports the exploration of the wasteto-value concept within the SCs while addressing important environmental issues. The result of such behavior has increased the already complex management of such systems challenging the development of decision supporting tools that can help the related decision process. In this paper, we address this need and analyze the more relevant published works that contribute to this goal while identifying the classes of problems that have been solved and which are the new trends in the area. We finalize this article by drawing some conclusions where we discuss advances performed and recognized challenges for the future.
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. The Planning/Scheduling Problem 1.1.1. Enterprise‐Wide Long‐Term or Strategic Planning 1.1.2. Short‐Term Production Scheduling 1.2. Current State of Integrated Management of Process Operations 1.2.1. Corporate Finances and International Issues 1.2.2. Product Development 1.2.3. Environmental Management 1.2.4. Sales and Marketing 1.2.5. Decision‐Making under Uncertainty 1.2.5.1. Reactive Approaches 1.2.5.2. Preventive Approaches 2. Process Planning and Scheduling 2.1. Resource Planning 2.1.1. Structure of the Production Facility 2.1.2. Mode of Operation 2.1.3. Inventory Policy 2.1.4. Resources Availability 2.1.5. Structure of Demand 2.1.6. Planning Horizon 2.1.7. Performance Index 2.2. Planning of New Product Development 2.3. Planning Problem Solution Approaches 2.3.1. Hierarchical Decomposition 2.3.2. Rolling Horizon Solution Strategy 2.3.3. Enumeration Procedures 2.4. Production Planning for Parallel Multiproduct Plants 2.4.1. Solution Strategy 2.4.2. Optimization Procedure 2.4.3. Industrial Applications 2.4.3.1. The Pigment Factory 2.4.3.2. Textile Production 2.5. Single‐Site Production Scheduling 2.5.1. Scheduling Requirements for Industrial Problems 2.5.2. Mathematical Models 2.6. Operation Under Uncertainty 2.6.1. Generation of Robust Schedules 2.6.2. Preventive Maintenance 2.6.3. Simultaneous Production and Maintenance Tasks Scheduling 2.6.4. Flexible Schedules 2.6.4.1. Mathematical Formulation 2.6.4.2. Processing Unit Allocation Constraints 2.6.4.3. Flexible Recipe Model 2.6.4.4. Recipe Flexibility Region 2.6.4.5. Associated Cost of Deviations from Nominal Conditions 2.6.4.6. Lower Bound on the Start Time of the Tasks 2.6.4.7. Duration of Tasks 2.6.4.8. Duration of the First Tasks 2.6.4.9. Sequencing Constraints 2.6.4.10. Tardiness and Earliness 2.6.4.11. Problem Objective Function 2.6.4.12. Illustrative Example 2.7. Heuristic/Stochastic Approaches 2.8. Software Support Tools 2.8.1. Planning 2.8.2. Scheduling 2.8.2.1. gBBS 2.8.2.2. Virtecs 2.8.2.3. BOLD 2.9. Benefits and Challenges of Scheduling/Planning Applications 2.10. Nomenclature 2.10.1. Scheduling 2.10.2. Flexible Schedules 3. Supply Chain Management 3.1. Supply Chain Modeling 3.1.1. Organizational Structure 3.1.2. Model Elements 3.1.2.1. SC Drivers 3.1.2.2. SC Decisions 3.1.2.3. SC Constraints 3.2. Supply Chain Operations Strategic and Tactical Issues 3.2.1. Operations Model 3.2.1.1. Traditional Design‐Planning of Supply Chain Networks 3.2.1.2. Flexible Design‐Planning of Supply Chain Networks 3.2.2. Economic Performance Indicator 3.2.3. Mapping Environmental Impacts within SCM 3.3. Treatment of Uncertainty 3.4. Detailed Scheduling Considerations in SC Design 3.5. Illustrative Example 3.5.1. The Design Problem 3.5.2. Testing Solutions Using the MPC Framework 3.5.3. Consideration of Failures 3.6. Supporting Software 3.7. Nomenclature 3.7.1. Traditional Design Planning of Supply Chain Networks 3.7.2. Flexible Design and Planning of Supply Chain Networks 3.7.3. Mapping Environmental (Additional Nomenclature) 3.7.4. Treatment of Uncertainty 3.7.5. Scheduling Consideration in SC Design 4. Conclusions and Future Directions 5. Acknowledgments
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