Supply chain decisions for an adaptive, decentralized renewable energy system

Abstract

This thesis is based on the project entitled "ADAPNER" (Adaptive logistics in a circular economy) which is financed by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). The main objective of ADAPNER is "Determining optimized adaptable and sustainable configurations for different distribution alternatives regarding biomass and biogas in a circular economy".The objective of this thesis is to determine these configurations for different decentralized renewable energy production, storage, and distribution alternatives.The scope of the alternatives considered in this thesis encompasses different renewable energy sources, storage types, and the connection to the electricity grid infrastructure. In particular, we focus on electricity generated by wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy. Biogas is both seen as a source to fulfill natural gas demand and also as a source for fulfilling electricity demand employing a CHP engine. We also include LNG as a potentially important fuel in the transportation sector. Furthermore, this thesis includes hydrogen storage as a way to bridge seasonal mismatches between renewable energy production and electricity demand, in which the hydrogen can be converted to electricity. Finally, we include the • Chapter 4: