Supply-based feedback control strategy of air-conditioning systems for direct load control of buildings responding to urgent requests of smart grids

Wang, Shengwei; Tang, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.067

Cited by 73 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The authors' scientific work developed in (Wang and Tang, 2017) argue that responding to the energy demand (DR) of buildings is considered one of the most promising solutions to the problems of energy imbalance and reliability in smart grids, while controlling responding to demand for air conditioning systems is the most effective means. A rapid demand response control strategy, direct control of the load by shutting down part of the operational coolers, has received much attention in recent DR research and applications.…”

Section: Although Existing Approaches Allow the Evaluation Of Smart Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisión general sobre sistemas de acondicionamiento de aire en edificios ecológicos e inteligentes.

et al. 2020

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The aim of this paper is to present a general bibliographic review about recent scientific papers focused on the design and operation of air conditioning systems in green and smart buildings.The suggested review is developed using tools offered by the Scopus academic research directory, with a defined search criteria. Furthermore, the VOSviewer science bibliometric analysis software has been used. This paper has several reviews of cooling and heating systems existing or under development available for residential buildings (green and smart buildings) and some initiatives and research projects from recent years. The present paper is an academic research guide for engineers, architects, and students interested in designing, constructing and efficiently managing the cooling processes of green and smart buildings. Economic powers characterized by large megacities of countries such as the United States of America, China, Italy, Malaysia, Germany and Australia; Nowadays, increasing energy efficiency and decreasing carbon footprint of current and future buildings, both green and smart is considered more important. The most frequent fields of research in scientific contributions related to the cooling of green buildings are: sustainable development, energy efficiency and the construction industry; while in smart buildings they are: energy efficiency, smart grids, energy management.

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Section: Although Existing Approaches Allow the Evaluation Of Smart Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisión general sobre sistemas de acondicionamiento de aire en edificios ecológicos e inteligentes.

et al. 2020

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“…Detailed models of TCL and building thermal behaviour can be found in literature (e.g. [37,54]). They are usually based on physical principles of mass, energy and momentum transfer and consist of complex partial differential equations that capture the building thermal and physical characteristics.…”

Section: Software Simulation Of Decentralised Frequency Control Regulmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of thermal inertia in building stock to leverage decentralised demand side frequency regulation services

Williams

Short

Crosbie

2018

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Most governments are applying financial instruments and other polices to encourage distributed renewable electricity generation (DREG). DREG is less predictable and more volatile than traditional forms of energy generation. Closure of larger fossil-fuelled power plants and rising share of DREG is reducing system inertia on energy networks such that new methods of demand response are required. Usually participation in non-dynamic frequency response is reactive, affecting the duty cycle of thermostatically controlled loads. However, this can adversely affect building thermal efficiency. The research presented takes a proactive approach to demand response employing heat transfer dynamics. Here, thermal dynamics exhibit a significantly larger inertia than electrical power consumption. Thus, short-term fluctuations in energy use should have less effect on temperature regulation and user comfort in buildings than existing balancing services. A prototype frequency sensor and control unit for proactive demand response in building stock is developed. The paper reports on hardware-in-the-loop simulations, testing real thermal loads within a simulated power network. The instrumented approach adopted enables accurate real-time electrical frequency measurement, while the control method offers effective demand response, which suggest the feasibility of using decentralised frequency control regulation as a novel approach to existing demand response mechanisms. Keywords Frequency regulation; decentralised control; demand response. Nomenclature transport delay, s load damping constant, s Δ frequency deviation, Hz inertia time constant, s TCL controller integral gain ALFC secondary loop gain, p.u. MW/Hz s ℎ thermal load gain TCL controller proportional gain Δ step change in power demand, p.u. Δ change in hydraulic amplifier output Δ ℎ electrical power deviation, p.u. Δ change in turbine power output regulator, Hz/p.u. MW Δ temperature deviation, p.u. governor time constant, s ℎ thermal load time constant, s turbine time constant, s ̅ sample mean number of entries sample standard deviation standard error standardized test statistic

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“…This method uses fuzzy control to ensure indoor comfort and reduce energy consumption. Wang et al [6] proposed a direct load control strategy to optimize the distribution of set values for local and global refrigerators by setting adaptive effect functions, which saves energy while ensuring indoor comfort. Krstic [7] proposed a method based on feedback control to compensate for the input delay of any length in a nonlinear control system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fuzzy Control Strategy Using the Load Forecast for Air Conditioning System

Zhao

2020

Energies

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The energy consumption of air-conditioning systems is a major part of energy consumption in buildings. Optimal control strategies have been increasingly developed in building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In this paper, a load forecast fuzzy (LFF) control strategy was proposed. The predictive load based on the SVM method was used as the input parameter of the fuzzy controller to perform feedforward fuzzy control on the HVAC system. This control method was considered as an effective way to reduce energy consumption while ensuring indoor comfort, which can solve the problem of hysteresis and inaccuracy in building HVAC systems by controlling the HVAC system in advance. The case study was conducted on a ground source heat pump system in Tianjin University to validate the proposed control strategy. In addition, the advantages of the LFF control strategy were verified by comparing with two feedback control strategies, which are the supply water temperature (SWT) control strategy and the room temperature fuzzy (RTF) control strategy. Results show that the proposed LFF control strategy is capable not only to ensure the minimum indoor temperature fluctuations but also decrease the total energy consumption.

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Supply-based feedback control strategy of air-conditioning systems for direct load control of buildings responding to urgent requests of smart grids

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Revisión general sobre sistemas de acondicionamiento de aire en edificios ecológicos e inteligentes.

Revisión general sobre sistemas de acondicionamiento de aire en edificios ecológicos e inteligentes.

On the use of thermal inertia in building stock to leverage decentralised demand side frequency regulation services

A Fuzzy Control Strategy Using the Load Forecast for Air Conditioning System

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