Supplementing metabolizable protein to ewes during late gestation: I. Effects on ewe performance and offspring performance from birth to weaning1

Emon, Megan L Van; Schauer, C. S.; Lekatz, L. A.; Eckerman, S. R.; Maddock-Carlin, K. R.; Vonnahme, K. A.

doi:10.2527/jas.2013-6851

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is possible because a maternal diet greater in metabolizable protein during the last third of gestation would improve offspring growth due to enhanced placental or mammary gland function (Paim et al, 2013;Van Emon et al, 2014). Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation in last third of gestation and during lactation on the weight gain of F1 Dorper × Morada Nova lambs and F1 Dorper × Santa Inês lambs reared in a creep-feeding system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrate supplementation during pregnancy and lactation of ewes affects the growth rate of lambs from a variety of crosses

et al. 2014

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-The objective of this study was to determine how concentrate supplementation during late third gestation and lactation affects ewe and offspring performance from birth to weaning. Thirty-six ewes and their offspring (n = 32) were used. Eighteen Morada Nova and 18 Santa Inês ewes were artificially inseminated with semen from Dorper ram and distributed in a completely randomized factorial arrangement (2 × 2) consisting of two supplementation levels (5 and 15 g kg -1 of BW) and two breeds (Morada Nova and Santa Inês) or two crosses (Dorper × Morada Nova and Dorper × Santa Inês). The ewes were weighed, their body condition was evaluated during pregnancy, and the weaning weight of the lambs at up to 70 days old was measured. There was no effect of breed or supplementation on the prolificacy or type of birth. The Santa Inês ewes had a faster rate of development, although the weight loss during lactation was lower in the Morada Nova ewes. The weight development of the Dorper × Santa Inês lambs during the maternal-dependent phase was 34 g/100 g higher than that of the other cross, with no difference in the maternal-independent phase. Dorper × Santa Inês lambs gain more weight during the 70 days of development. However, the Dorper × Morada Nova lambs show a better response in terms of production efficiency when comparing the weight of the lambs with the weight of the sheep.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrate supplementation during pregnancy and lactation of ewes affects the growth rate of lambs from a variety of crosses

et al. 2014

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“…In a recent study, we concluded that increased maternal MP intake may positively impact the ewe, without altering offspring performance from birth to weaning [7]. Our hypothesis was that isocaloric diets deficient in MP would not hinder conceptus or mammary development as weaning weights were not affected in a sister study [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Ewes were acclimated to low-quality hay (Table 1) and a supplement which met 100% of MP requirements (MP100), as determined by National Research Council (2007), for 10 d before starting dietary treatment [7]. The low-quality hay was used to limit MP intake.…”

Section: Animals and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our hypothesis was that isocaloric diets deficient in MP would not hinder conceptus or mammary development as weaning weights were not affected in a sister study [7]. However, we hypothesized that ewes deficient in MP would have increased markers of inflammation and experience more fat, organ mass, and skeletal muscle loss (ie, mobilize their bodily resources) to ensure that their fetuses would have adequate nutrients while in utero.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inadequate protein supply in lactating sows has been shown to decrease certain maternal visceral organ weights, such as kidney, heart, and liver, although having less effect on carcass measurements such as subcutaneous back fat [6]. However, we have recently reported that decreases in metabolizable protein (MP) intake during late gestation causes a reduction in body condition score, which is primarily determined by subcutaneous back fat [7]. The protein pool of the body is dynamic with protein turnover rates differing greatly between tissues [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementation of metabolizable protein during late gestation and fetal number impact ewe organ mass, maternal serum hormone and metabolite concentrations, and conceptus measurements

Swanson

Lekatz

Emon

et al. 2017

Domestic Animal Endocrinology

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To examine the effects of maternal metabolizable protein (MP) supplementation during late gestation on serum hormone and metabolites and organ masses, multiparous ewes (n = 45) carrying singletons or twins were allotted randomly (within pregnancy group) to 1 of 3 treatments: 60% (MP60), 80% (MP80), or 100% (MP100) of MP requirements. Blood samples were drawn before the initiation of diets (day 100) and before slaughter (day 130) for chemistry panel analysis and weekly for hormone analysis including progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2). At day 130, ewe organ masses were recorded. Despite being fed isocaloric diets, MP60 ewes gained less weight throughout pregnancy compared with MP80 and MP100 ewes which were similar. Although diet did not impact E2 or P4 concentrations, ewes carrying twins had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of both as gestation advanced. Albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and total protein were reduced (P < 0.05) in MP60 compared with MP100 ewes near term. There was a diet by fetal number interaction (P = 0.03) for lactate dehydrogenase. Twin-carrying MP80 ewes had greater lactate dehydrogenase compared with all other groups on day 130 of gestation. Ewes that were fed MP80 had greater body weight on day 130 of gestation compared with MP60 ewes. Kidney and heart weights were lighter in MP60 ewes compared with MP80 ewes. There was a maternal diet by fetal number interaction (P = 0.05) on fetal weight per unit empty ewe body weight. In ewes carrying singletons, MP60 ewes supported less fetal weight compared with MP100. In contrast, MP60 ewes supported more fetal mass compared with MP100 ewes when carrying twins. The level of protein, and not just total energy, in the diet appears to impact some aspects of the maternal system. Moreover, it appears some measurements of mobilizing maternal body resources are enhanced in ewes carrying twins.

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Maternal metabolizable protein restriction during late gestation on uterine and umbilical blood flows and maternal and fetal amino acid concentrations near term in sheep

Lekatz

Swanson

Camacho

et al. 2015

Animal Reproduction Science

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To examine the effects of maternal metabolizable protein (MP) restriction during late gestation on uterine and umbilical blood flows, conceptus size, and amino acid concentrations in the uterine and umbilical vessels, 11 ewes with singleton pregnancies were assigned to one of three isocaloric diets formulated to provide 60% of MP (MP60), 80% of MP (MP80), or 100% of MP (MP100) requirements from days 100 to 130 of gestation. On day 130 of gestation, intraoperative uterine and umbilical blood flows were obtained as well as serum samples from the uterine artery, uterine vein, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein. Ewes on the MP60 diet had lighter (P=0.04) and smaller (P≤0.05) fetuses, but increased (P=0.02) uterine blood flow relative to fetal weight compared with MP100 ewes, with MP80 being intermediate. Umbilical blood flow was similar (P=0.70) across treatments. Glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, ornithine, serine, and valine concentrations were impacted (P≤0.02) by maternal treatment. While uterine flux of total serum nitrites was greater (P=0.03) in MP60 and MP80 ewes compared with MP100 ewes, fetal flux did not differ. Decreased maternal protein intake resulted in less (P<0.01) maternal cytochrome P450 1A enzyme activity. There were minimal impacts of maternal diet on steroid concentrations. Maternal dietary protein may alter fetal growth by impacting placental vasculature function and nutrient absorptive capabilities.

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Supplementing metabolizable protein to ewes during late gestation: I. Effects on ewe performance and offspring performance from birth to weaning1

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Concentrate supplementation during pregnancy and lactation of ewes affects the growth rate of lambs from a variety of crosses

Concentrate supplementation during pregnancy and lactation of ewes affects the growth rate of lambs from a variety of crosses

Supplementation of metabolizable protein during late gestation and fetal number impact ewe organ mass, maternal serum hormone and metabolite concentrations, and conceptus measurements

Maternal metabolizable protein restriction during late gestation on uterine and umbilical blood flows and maternal and fetal amino acid concentrations near term in sheep

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