Supplementation With Spirulina platensis Improves Tracheal Reactivity in Wistar Rats by Modulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Spirulina platensis has shown effectiveness in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in rats, but its action in tracheal reactivity or on markers of relaxation and antioxidant profile has not yet been possible to determine. In this paper, the animals were divided into the groups healthy (SG) and supplemented with S. platensis at doses of 50 (SG50), 150 (SG150), and 500 mg/kg (SG500). We also evaluated nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity through biochemical analysis. For contractile reactivity, only SG500 (pEC50 = 5.2 ± 0.06 showed reduction in carbachol contractile potency. Indomethacin caused a higher contractile response to carbachol in SG150 and SG500. For relaxation, curves for SG150 (pEC50 = 5.0 ± 0.05) and SG500 (pEC50 = 7:3 ± 0:02) were shifted to the left, more so in SG500. We observed an increase in nitrite in the trachea only with supplementation of 500 mg/kg (54.0 ± 8.0 µM), also when compared to SG50 (37.0 ± 10.0 µM) and SG150 (38.0 ± 7.0 µM). We observed a decrease in lipid peroxidation in the plasma and an increase in oxidation inhibition for the trachea and lung in SG150 and SG500, suggesting enhanced antioxidant activity. S. platensis (150/500 mg/kg) decreased the contractile response and increased relaxation by increasing antioxidant activity and nitrite levels and modulating the inflammatory response.

Chlorella Supplementation Reduces Blood Lactate Concentration and Increases O2 Pulse during Submaximal and Maximal Cycling in Young Healthy Adults

“…These functional benefits arise from chlorella’s antioxidant, vasodilatory, and anti-inflammatory properties [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] which may form its potential as a performance-enhancing supplement. Algae consumption is gaining traction, with similar algae such as spirulina garnering more attention in the exercise nutrition field [ 5 , 6 ]. Chlorella has vast multicomponent properties; 43–58% of its dry weight is a complete protein (which includes all the essential and non-essential amino acids) [ 7 ].…”

Exploring the NRF2/HO-1 and NF-κB Pathways: Spirulina Nanoparticles as a Novel Approach to Combat Diabetic Nephropathy

“…16,17 Spirulina is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, immunostimulatory, and cardioprotective properties, which are attributed to its functional bioactive β-carotene contents, tocopherols, phenolic acids, and phycobiliproteins, including phycocyanin. 18,19 Hence, it has been effective in the treatment of fatty liver, 20,21 allergic respiratory disorder, 22 neuropathies, 23 and neurobehavioral and cognitive deficits. 24,25 Furthermore, drug delivery has come a long way recently, and further development is expected.…”

“…Among these, A. platensis has gained a substantial attraction for its use in diabetes mellitus. , Spirulina is a filamentous blue–green cyanobacterium that was ancestrally cultivated and utilized worldwide due to its incredible nutritional value and pharmacological effects. , Spirulina is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, immunostimulatory, and cardioprotective properties, which are attributed to its functional bioactive β-carotene contents, tocopherols, phenolic acids, and phycobiliproteins, including phycocyanin. , Hence, it has been effective in the treatment of fatty liver, , allergic respiratory disorder, neuropathies, and neurobehavioral and cognitive deficits. , …”

Effects of Spirulina maxima on a Model of Sexual Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats

“…Arthrospira maxima ( Spirulina maxima ) (SM) is a filamentous cyanobacterium (previously considered blue-green algae) that has been cultivated and consumed in many parts of the world since ancestral times [ 14 ]. SM possesses a widely appreciated nutritional value and pharmacological effects, and attention has been drawn for some years both by in vivo and in vitro experiments [ 15 , 16 , 17 ] to its antioxidant activity, which is mainly due to its high content of antioxidant compounds, such as phycobiliproteins, beta-carotene, tocopherols, and phenolic acids [ 18 ]. In this sense, SM offers many functional bioactive ingredients with anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, immunostimulatory, cardioprotective, and metalloprotective activity [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], and it has been effective in the treatment of neuropathies [ 23 ] and neurobehavioral and cognitive deficits [ 24 , 25 ].…”