Supplementation with Enterococcus faecium enhances growth performance, intestinal health and immunity of big-belly seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis) during diet conversion

Culturing the lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) in extensive shrimp ponds and cages

“…More than 10 seahorse species have been reared successfully in captivity, such as Hippocampus abdominalis (Woods, 2000, 2003), H. comes (Job et al, 2006), Hippocampus erectus (Correa et al, 1989; Lin et al, 2008, 2009, 2012; Scarratt, 1995; Zhang et al, 2010), Hippocampus kuda (Job et al, 2002; Lin et al, 2006; Lin et al, 2007), Hippocampus reidi (Olivotto et al, 2008), Hippocampus subelongatus (Payne & Rippingale, 2000), Hippocampus trimaculatus (Sheng et al, 2006), and Hippocampus guttulatus (Blanco et al, 2014; Faleiro et al, 2008; Palma et al, 2011; Planas et al, 2013; Randazzo et al, 2018). Research efforts have focused on all issues regarding seahorse culture, including the effects of food type and feed regimes (e.g., Buen‐Ursua et al, 2015; Olivotto et al, 2008; Otero‐Ferrer et al, 2012; Payne & Rippingale, 2000; Pham & Lin, 2013; Planas, 2021; Thuong & Hoang, 2013; Tseng et al, 2019; Woods, 2005), temperature (e.g., Lin et al, 2006; Mascaró et al, 2019; Sheng et al, 2006), salinity (e.g., Hora et al, 2016; Huang et al, 2020; Martinez‐Cardenas & Purser, 2016; Tseng et al, 2019; Yang et al, 2017), light intensity and photoperiods (e.g., Liu et al, 2023; Martinez‐Cardenas & Purser, 2012; Sheng et al, 2006; Tseng et al, 2019), diseases (e.g., Jiang et al, 2020; Lin et al, 2017; Tian et al, 2023; Zhang et al, 2015), stocking density (e.g., Martinez‐Cardenas & Purser, 2012; Woods, 2003; Zhang et al, 2010), and physical rearing environment (e.g., Blanco et al, 2014; Hora et al,…”