Supplementation of total parenteral nutrition with butyrate acutely increases structural aspects of intestinal adaptation after an 80% jejunoileal resection in neonatal piglets

Abstract

Butyrate is the SCFA responsible for augmenting structural aspects of intestinal adaptations by increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis within 4 hours postresection. The intestinotrophic mechanism(s) underlying butyrate's effects may involve GLP-2. Ultimately, butyrate administration may enable an infant with short-bowel syndrome to successfully transition to enteral feedings by maximizing their absorptive area.

From the gut to the peripheral tissues: the multiple effects of butyrate

“…Plasma pancreatic polypeptide, which inhibits pancreas and gut secretions, was reduced in newborn piglets following the ingestion of a butyrate-supplemented milk replacer (112) . The effects of butyrate on the upper small intestine could involve the GLP-2 pathway in piglets (113) and in calves (131) in agreement with the fact that GLP-2 is considered an important endocrine signal activating intestinal adaptation, cell survival and proliferation in newborn mammals (181,182) . Also, an increase in plasma enteroglucagon levels was correlated with the increase in the villus height and crypt depth in the small intestine (159) .…”

Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases

“…Supplementation of SCFAs to TPN prevented TPN associated mucosal atrophy (26) and increased the intestinal absorption of glucose (27). The underlying mechanisms include the induction of nutrient transporters such as GLUT2 in enterocytes (27,28), the induction of enterocyte proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis (29). Tappenden et al also noticed that SCFA supplementation induced the expression of ileal proglucagon mRNA and plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), establishing the current hypothesis that the intestinotrophic effects of SCFAs are mediated by GLP-2 (28,30).…”

New Therapies and Preventive Approaches for Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Report of a Research Planning Workshop

“…Protein deprivation in the lumen has been observed to stunt villus growth and cause villus atrophy in a gastrostomyfed rat pup model (7). Supplementing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) stimulated mucosal growth to an extent similar to that observed during enteral feeding, perhaps due to GLP-2's ability to increase blood flow (8). TPN supplemented with butyrate was administered to piglets that had 80% intestinal resection.…”