Supplementation of quinoa regulates glycolipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the high-fat diet-induced female obese mice

Abstract

Objective To explore the effects of the quinoa diet on glycolipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in an obese mouse model. Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6J female mice have received a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and subsequently were treated with a quinoa diet for 12 weeks. During this period, fasting blood glucose, body fat and insulin resistance were measured regularly. At the end of the experiment, mouse serum and liver tissue were collected. The differences in glucose and lipid metabolism were analyzed, and liver tissue pathological morphology, liver endoplasmic reticulum stress-related mRNA and protein levels, and serum oxidative stress levels were measured. Results Quinoa diet could significantly reduce the level of blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, improve glucose tolerance, as well as improve histological changes of liver tissues in obese mice (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Besides, quinoa could improve oxidative stress indicators such as GSH, and MDA (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Furthermore, quinoa can down-regulate mRNA expression of ER stress markers eIF2α, GRP78, and CHOP in the liver of obese mice (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusions Quinoa supplementation can improve glycolipid metabolism, regulate ER stress, and alleviate obesity in HFD-induced mice.

Quinoa Reduces High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice via Potential Microbiota-Gut-Brain-Liver Interaction Mechanisms

“…Substantial evidence suggests that disturbed gut microbiota participates in diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders ( 3 , 13 ). Several studies, including our study indicate that quinoa plays an active regulatory role in metabolic diseases including obesity ( 14 , 15 ). In this study, we focus primarily on the quinoa effects on microbiota in HFD obesity and pathways through which the quinoa in cooperation with the microbiota modulate the obesity.…”

Quinoa Soluble Fiber and Quercetin Alter the Composition of the Gut Microbiome and Improve Brush Border Membrane Morphology In Vivo (Gallus gallus)

“…This suggests that the chosen concentrations were not detrimental even to the naïve developing embryo. Several in vivo studies evaluating the effects of quinoa consumption have shown reduction in body weight [ 47 , 48 ], including a study on broilers [ 49 ], although the same has not been observed in clinical studies [ 3 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. This may be because while preparing ready-to-eat quinoa for the clinical studies, the quinoa is thoroughly washed; this reduces the saponin content.…”

A review on the potential use of natural products in overweight and obesity

“…Activation of the PERK/p-eIF2α pathway could decrease protein synthesis of the endoplasmic reticulum and improve endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis to reduce stress in the ER (Mo et al, 2019). There are reports showing supplementation of could down-regulate mRNA expression of ER stress markers eIF2α, GRP78, and CHOP in the liver of obese mice (An et al, 2021).…”

“…Activation of the PERK/p‐eIF2α pathway could decrease protein synthesis of the endoplasmic reticulum and improve endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis to reduce stress in the ER (Mo et al, 2019). There are reports showing supplementation of could down‐regulate mRNA expression of ER stress markers eIF2α, GRP78, and CHOP in the liver of obese mice (An et al, 2021). Moreover, Garcinia indica extracts standardized for 20% garcinol alleviated ER stress in adipocytes of HFD‐fed mice by reducing expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers X box binding protein‐1 (XBP‐1), GRP78, and ATF6 and reducing phosphorylation of protein kinase‐like ER kinase, inositol‐requiring enzyme‐1, and spliced XBP‐1 protein (Majeed et al, 2020).…”