Supplementation of protein-free diet with whey protein hydrolysates prevents skeletal muscle mass loss in rats

Kobayashi, Yodai; Somoto, Yuuki; Mitsuyama, Eri; Tanaka, Azusa; Yuda, Naoki; Nakada, Hajime; Yamada, Akio; Yamauchi, Koji; Abe, Fumiaki; Nagasawa, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.jnim.2016.03.001

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles mainly consist of fast-twitch muscle fibers, whereas soleus muscle consists of a higher proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers. When considering the fact that protein deficiency attenuates fast-twitch muscle fibers to greater extents than slow-twitch muscle fibers ( 32 , 33 ), it was considered that the 5% CN diet was potentially insufficient for adult rats, which lead to insidious protein undernutrition, as manifested only by a decreased gain in a specific type of skeletal muscle mass after 24 weeks of the experimental period. Meanwhile, it is likely that the 10% CN diet, with its higher dietary intake, sustained the 24 weeks of maintenance in adult rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Ratio of Non-mercaptalbumin-1 Among Total Plasma Albumin Demonstrates Potential Protein Undernutrition in Adult Rats

et al. 2018

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The redox state of plasma albumin shifts in response to dietary protein intake in growing rats, and the shift is more sensitive than that of plasma albumin level, a classical marker of protein nutritional status. While it has been suggested that plasma albumin redox state could be useful as a novel marker of protein nutritional status, the above animal model is highly sensitive to dietary protein intake and the observation may not be extrapolated widely to humans. This study aimed to investigate whether albumin redox state also reflects protein nutritional status in adult rats, which have a lower dietary protein requirement and are less responsive to protein intake. Male adult rats were placed on AIN-93M diet (14% casein), or AIN-93M-based low protein diets (10 or 5% casein) ad libitum for 24 weeks. Whereas there was no significant difference in body weight between the groups at the end of the experimental period, the 5% casein diet group had the smallest gastrocnemius muscle weight among the groups, which was significantly lower than that of the 10% casein diet group. Plasma albumin level was also lower in the 5% casein diet group compared with the other groups, but the differences were limited and inconsistent during the experimental period. Among the albumin redox isoforms such as mercaptalbumin, non-mercaptalbumin-1, and non-mercaptalbumin-2, the ratio of non-mercaptalbumin-1 among total albumin was significantly higher in the 5% casein diet group, and the increase remained constant throughout the experimental period. Increased non-mercaptalbumin-1 ratio would thus demonstrate the presence of potential protein undernutrition in adult rats, as manifested only by a decreased gain in a specific type of skeletal muscle; non-mercaptalbumin-1 among total albumin ratio could be useful as a robust marker of protein nutritional status, contributing to prevention of protein undernutrition-related diseases such as frailty and sarcopenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Ratio of Non-mercaptalbumin-1 Among Total Plasma Albumin Demonstrates Potential Protein Undernutrition in Adult Rats

et al. 2018

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“…Intriguingly, some of the protein hydrolysates exhibited beneficial effects on skeletal muscle, which were more effective than the constituent amino acid mixtures and/or intact proteins in animal models. This includes the stimulatory effect of whey protein hydrolysate on post-exercise muscle protein synthesis in rats [ 20 ], the preventive effects of whey protein hydrolysate on skeletal muscle loss induced by protein-free diet in rats [ 21 ], and the inductive effect of casein hydrolysate on mitochondrial biogenesis in mice [ 22 ]. Therefore, the involvement of protein-derived bioactive peptides in the hydrolysates is suggested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Amino Acid/Protein Nutrition and Exercise in Serum Albumin Redox State

2017

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Albumin is the major protein in the serum of mammals. It is synthesized exclusively in the liver, before being secreted into the circulation. Similar to skeletal muscle protein, albumin synthesis is stimulated by dietary amino acids and proteins as well as exercise. Albumin has three isoforms based on the redox states of the free cysteine residue at position 34. The redox state of serum albumin has long been extensively investigated in terms of oxidative stress-related chronic diseases, with the redox state of serum albumin having been regarded as a marker of systemic oxidative stress. However, according to recent animal studies, the redox state of serum albumin is modulated by albumin turnover and may also reflect amino acid/protein nutritional status. Furthermore, as the redox state of serum albumin is modulated by exercise training, measuring the pre- and post-exercise redox states of serum albumin in athletes may be useful in assessing amino acid/protein nutritional status and exercise-induced oxidative stress, which are closely associated with skeletal muscle adaptive responses. This article extensively reviews serum albumin and the redox state of albumin in the context of amino acid/protein nutritional status and exercise training.

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“…Whey protein was used in the present study as it is a rich source of BCAA and is thought to have beneficial effects on skeletal muscle turnover. Ingestion of whey protein strongly stimulates muscle protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner as they facilitate the initiation of mRNA translation [7] . Moreover, delivery and uptake of glucose and essential amino acids may also influence satellite cell activity [26] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essential amino acids (EAA), especially branched chain amino acids (BCAA), have a particular role in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis. Many studies have demonstrated that BCAA stimulate muscle protein synthesis, facilitate the initiation of mRNA translation and suppress protein degradation .Whey protein is a rich source of BCAA and is thought to have beneficial effects on skeletal muscle turnover [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of the Effect of Oxandrolone and Whey Protein on Disuse Induced Muscle Atrophy in old aged male rats

mortada

Elnour

Fares

et al. 2019

Egyptian Journal of Histology

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Background: Periods of immobilization are often associated with pathologies and/or aging. These periods of disuse muscle atrophy could worsen the pathology or elderly frailty. Exercise, the best way to recover muscle mass, is not always applicable. Aim of Work: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of oxandrolone versus whey protein on disuse induced muscle atrophy in old aged male rats with low testosterone level and mobility limitation. Materials and Methods: Twenty four aged male albino rats were included: 6 rats as control (group I). Eighteen rats were subjected to hind limb suspension (HLS) for 2 weeks then were divided into: 6 rats as group II (disuse atrophy) and 12 rats as group III (treated group) which was equally subdivided into: group IIIa (oxandrolone treated) and IIIb (whey protein treated) where oxandrolone 1.23 mg/kg and whey protein 9.25 gm/kg were given orally daily for 4 weeks. Rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle weight and total protein content were measured. Muscle specimens were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, PAS and immunohistochemical staining for Myogenin. Morphometric measurements of type I and type II fibers number and cross sectional area (CSA), number of myogenin positive cells (differentiated satellite cells) were taken and statistically analyzed. Results: Group II showed atrophic angulated muscle fibers and significant increase in type II fibers compared to the control. Subgroup IIIa showed muscle fibers with large diameter. Many rounded vesicular nuclei were observed among muscle fibers. A significant increase in type I fibers and number of myogenin positive cells as compared to the control and subgroup IIIb. Conclusion: Oxandrolone and whey protein treated subgroups showed improved muscle mass, CSA, total protein content, histological architecture of muscle fibers and increase of satellite cells number. However, oxandrolone showed better therapeutic potential in ameliorating disuse muscle atrophy.

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Supplementation of protein-free diet with whey protein hydrolysates prevents skeletal muscle mass loss in rats

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Increased Ratio of Non-mercaptalbumin-1 Among Total Plasma Albumin Demonstrates Potential Protein Undernutrition in Adult Rats

Increased Ratio of Non-mercaptalbumin-1 Among Total Plasma Albumin Demonstrates Potential Protein Undernutrition in Adult Rats

Potential Role of Amino Acid/Protein Nutrition and Exercise in Serum Albumin Redox State

A Comparative Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of the Effect of Oxandrolone and Whey Protein on Disuse Induced Muscle Atrophy in old aged male rats

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