Supplementation of Organic Amendments Improve Yield and Adaptability by Reducing the Toxic Effect of Copper in Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis glomerata L. Cv Amera)

Abstract

Copper is an element necessary for the proper growth and development of plants, but when taken in excess amounts, it can be toxic. Its availability for plant can be reduced by using organic fertilizers or soil liming. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of increasing doses of copper (100, 200, and 300 mg Cu·kg−1 of soil) application in combination with various organic amendments (cattle manure, chicken manure, and spent mushroom substrate) on the yield of cocksfoot and its content and uptake of this metal, and to determine its coefficient of bioaccumulation and tolerance indices. The toxic effect of copper manifested by significant decrease in the yield of the test plant was after the application of 300 mg·kg−1 of soil. Increasing doses of copper application increased its content and uptake by the test plant, while observing the decreasing bioaccumulation factor. All the soil amendments reduced the toxic effect of copper on cocksfoot. The most effective organic amendment in terms of yield and protective effects against high levels of copper was cattle manure, in the case of which the Org/Cu and Cu/Org tolerance indices were highest.

Uptake and Utilization of Nitrogen from Organic Fertilizers Influenced by Different Doses of Copper

“…Nitrogen uptake by cocksfoot significantly decreased in successive years of the study; in the second and third years it was 45.6% and 53.7% lower, respectively, than in the first year. The correlation coefficients (Table 5) showed no significant relationship between nitrogen content (Table 2) and copper content in cocksfoot presented by Kuziemska et al [39], but showed a significant relationship linking nitrogen content and uptake (Tables 3 and 4) with the yield of the crop reported in the study cited.…”

“…The results for nitrogen content in cocksfoot and the data pertaining to its yield, published in Kuziemska et al [39], were used to calculate nitrogen uptake (NU N and NU 0N ) and the nitrogen utilization coefficient (NUC) from organic fertilizers, according to the following equations:…”

Organic amendment additions to cadmium-contaminated soils for phytostabilization of three bioenergy crops

“…The decreased growth performance observed in the study plants grown with these amendments might be due to insufficient levels of the organic amendment; other studies have demonstrated that high concentrations of chicken manure alone promote plant growth performance as evidenced by significant impacts on plant height, total leaf count, stem diameter and harvested wet weight. It has also been observed that large additions of chicken manure and mushrooms can reduce heavy metal phytotoxicity 22 . Furthermore, the growth performance of cassava did not differ significantly across treatments ( p > 0.05).…”

Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Effects on Agriculture

“…Kuziemska et al [17] present a study focused on gentle remediation techniques. The organic soil amendments available in agriculture (cattle manure, chicken manure and spent mushroom substrate) were applied into soil contaminated by increased content of Cu to decrease phytotoxic effect.…”