Supplementary polio immunization activities and prior use of routine immunization services in non-polio-endemic sub-Saharan Africa

Helleringer, Stéphane; Frimpong, Jemima A.; Abdelwahab, Jalaa’; Asuming, Patrick Opoku; Touré, Hamadassalia; Awoonor-Williams, John Koku; Abachie, Thomas; Guidetti, Flavia

doi:10.2471/blt.11.092494

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Other authors [ 4 , 7 , 17 ] reached similar conclusions using NP-AFP and NICS 2006 data to estimate coverage with type 2-containing OPV. Moreover, asides the drop in the RI in the affected LGA, the environmental characteristics of the case-patient may also contribute towards the emergence of the infection.…”

Section: Outbreak Investigation Reportsupporting

confidence: 59%

Field investigation of and response to a vaccine-derived poliovirus pre-tOPV switch in Southwest Nigeria, October 2015

Fatiregun¹,

Famiyesin²,

Bawa³

et al. 2020

Pan Afr Med J

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A vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) was isolated in an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case reported from Ile-Ife, in Osun state, Southwest Nigeria. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of the polio event and described the immediate public health response that followed. We interviewed the primary caregiver of the case and conducted active case searches for additional AFP cases in the communities in Ife East Local Government Area (LGA) of Osun state. Stool samples of contacts and non-contacts were collected and sent for laboratory investigation. A public health response with mass supplementary immunization in the affected areas followed immediately in the ward the case was located in October 2015. Also, we reviewed the administrative record of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) coverage in the LGA in the previous four years. The VDPV case was a female, one-month-old child with adequate vaccination history for her age. However, the environment of the child was relatively filthy with inappropriate facilities. Laboratory reports from contact samples were negative for VDPV or any polio isolates. A missed AFP case was found from active case searches and a high proportion of under-five children was immunized with tOPV. The OPV3 administrative coverage in the LGA peaked in 2014 (103%) and dropped in 2015 (67%). Efforts directed toward improving environmental hygiene in households and improving OPV coverage in subsequent routine and supplementary immunization are suggested.

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Section: Outbreak Investigation Reportsupporting

confidence: 59%

Field investigation of and response to a vaccine-derived poliovirus pre-tOPV switch in Southwest Nigeria, October 2015

Fatiregun¹,

Famiyesin²,

Bawa³

et al. 2020

Pan Afr Med J

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show abstract

“…This finding was also consistent with the previous study which found very low SIA coverage among non-users of routine immunization services. This study further recommended that SIA monitoring in the GPEI should include an assessment of the vaccination history of children "missed" by vaccination teams during SIAs [29]. Our study also pointed out that the sweeping method which was being used in the areas of highly security compromised situations was prone to miss houses and children as micro-planning was less likely to be used in the approach.…”

Section: Experts' Recommendationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Determinant Factors for Implementing Polio Eradication Activities under Security Compromised Settings of Pakistan

Fetene¹,

Asf²,

Sherani³

2014

J Trop Dis

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“…Quantification of these factors would serve to improve the association between vaccine coverage and incidence across countries. Also, as previously demonstrated 56 , an assessment of the vaccination history of children not vaccinated during SIAs would help identify the possible pockets of susceptible individuals. In addition, accounting for the geographic variation in quality of conducted SIAs could help describe the heterogeneity in incidence data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Comparative epidemiology of poliovirus transmission

Noori

Drake

Rohani

2017

Sci Rep

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Understanding the determinants of polio transmission and its large-scale epidemiology remains a public health priority. Despite a 99% reduction in annual wild poliovirus (WPV) cases since 1988, tackling the last 1% has proven difficult. We identified key covariates of geographical variation in polio transmission patterns by relating country-specific annual disease incidence to demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors. We assessed the relative contributions of these variables to the performance of computer-generated models for predicting polio transmission. We also examined the effect of spatial coupling on the polio extinction frequency in islands relative to larger land masses. Access to sanitation, population density, forest cover and routine vaccination coverage were the strongest predictors of polio incidence, however their relative effect sizes were inconsistent geographically. The effect of climate variables on polio incidence was negligible, indicating that a climate effect is not identifiable at the annual scale, suggesting a role for climate in shaping the transmission seasonality rather than intensity. We found polio fadeout frequency to depend on both population size and demography, which should therefore be considered in policies aimed at extinction. Our comparative epidemiological approach highlights the heterogeneity among polio transmission determinants. Recognition of this variation is important for the maintenance of population immunity in a post-polio era.

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Supplementary polio immunization activities and prior use of routine immunization services in non-polio-endemic sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract: Large percentages of children participated in SIAs. Prior use of routine immunization services and compliance with the routine OPV schedule showed a strong positive association with SIA participation.

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Field investigation of and response to a vaccine-derived poliovirus pre-tOPV switch in Southwest Nigeria, October 2015

Field investigation of and response to a vaccine-derived poliovirus pre-tOPV switch in Southwest Nigeria, October 2015

Determinant Factors for Implementing Polio Eradication Activities under Security Compromised Settings of Pakistan

Comparative epidemiology of poliovirus transmission

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