Supplementary motor area as key structure for domain-general sequence processing: A unified account

Cona, Giorgia; Semenza, Carlo

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.033

Cited by 171 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Other studies indicate that SMA is not only active during motor tasks but is also involved in a broad range of non‐motor functions (Nachev, Kennard, & Husain, ). A common factor among these tasks appears to be the need for sequential processing (Cona & Semenza, ). In line with this view, the area at the junction of SMA and anterior cingulate has been found to be activated in covert auditory attention tasks (Benedict et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms of training an auditory event‐related potential task in a brain–computer interface context

Halder

Leinfelder

Schulz

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Effective use of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) typically requires training. Improved understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying BCI training will facilitate optimisation of BCIs. The current study examined the neural mechanisms related to training for electroencephalography (EEG)‐based communication with an auditory event‐related potential (ERP) BCI. Neural mechanisms of training in 10 healthy volunteers were assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an auditory ERP‐based BCI task before (t1) and after (t5) three ERP‐BCI training sessions outside the fMRI scanner (t2, t3, and t4). Attended stimuli were contrasted with ignored stimuli in the first‐level fMRI data analysis (t1 and t5); the training effect was verified using the EEG data (t2‐t4); and brain activation was contrasted before and after training in the second‐level fMRI data analysis (t1 vs. t5). Training increased the communication speed from 2.9 bits/min (t2) to 4 bits/min (t4). Strong activation was found in the putamen, supplementary motor area (SMA), and superior temporal gyrus (STG) associated with attention to the stimuli. Training led to decreased activation in the superior frontal gyrus and stronger haemodynamic rebound in the STG and supramarginal gyrus. The neural mechanisms of ERP‐BCI training indicate improved stimulus perception and reduced mental workload. The ERP task used in the current study showed overlapping activations with a motor imagery based BCI task from a previous study on the neural mechanisms of BCI training in the SMA and putamen. This suggests commonalities between the neural mechanisms of training for both BCI paradigms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms of training an auditory event‐related potential task in a brain–computer interface context

Halder

Leinfelder

Schulz

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One tempting explanation for the abstractness effect in this area is that it is related to language (Paivio, 2013;Striem-Amit et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2010). This area is frequently involved in language comprehension tasks (Fedorenko et al, 2010;Mellem et al, 2016) found to involve in language processes for its crucial role in sequence processing (Cona & Semenza, 2017;Hertrich, Dietrich, & Ackermann, 2016). As language is a highly complex construct with multiple components and processes (e.g., phonological, lexical, and syntactic ones), with these regions having multiple cognitive functions (both linguistic and nonlinguistic), the exact representations underlying the observed abstractness effect remain to be articulated and tested.…”

Section: Abstractness In the Left Superior Atlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close yet independent: Dissociation of social from valence and abstract semantic dimensions in the left anterior temporal lobe

Wang

Asan

2019

Human Brain Mapping

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The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is engaged in various types of semantic dimensions. One consistently reported dimension is social information, with abstract words describing social behaviors inducing stronger activations in the ATL than nonsocial words. One potential factor that has been systematically confounded in this finding is emotional valence, given that abstract social words tend to be associated with emotional feelings. We investigated which factors drove the ATL sensitivity using a 2 (social/nonsocial) × 2 (valenced/neutral) factorial design in an fMRI study with relatively high spatial resolutions. We found that sociality and valence were processed in different ATL regions without significant interactions: The social effect was found in the left anterior superior temporal sulcus (aSTS), whereas the valence effect activated small clusters in the bilateral temporal poles (TP). In the left ATL, the social‐ and valence‐related clusters were distinct from another superior ATL area that exhibited a general “abstractness” effect with little modulation of sociality or valence. These subregions exhibited distinct whole‐brain functional connectivity patterns during the resting state, with the social cluster functionally connected to the default mode network, the valence cluster connected to the adjacent temporal regions and amygdala, and the abstractness cluster connected to a distributed network including a set of language‐related regions. These results of activation profiles and connectivity patterns together indicate that the way in which the left ATL supports semantic processing is highly fine‐grained, with the neural substrate for social semantic effects dissociated from those for emotional valence and abstractness.

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“…Rather than isolated lesions of the SMA, disruption of associative white matter fiber tracts between Broca’s area and the ipsilateral SMA are more frequently implicated in pure language SMA syndromes (Anwander, Tittgemeyer, von Cramon, Friederici, & Knosche, 2007). The superior longitudinal fasciculus and the dorsal arcuate fasciculus are amongst those identified (Cona & Semenza, 2017; Hagoort, 2014). Against this backdrop, we note that the pure language SMA syndrome we observed in the two subjects reported herein may have different causative etiologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contralateral functional reorganization of the speech supplementary motor area following neurosurgical tumor resection

et al. 2018

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We evaluated plasticity in speech supplemental motor area (SMA) tissue in two patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), following resection of tumors in or associated with the dominant hemisphere speech SMA. Patient A underwent resection of a anaplastic astrocytoma NOS associated with the left speech SMA, experienced SMA syndrome related mutism postoperatively, but experienced full recovery 14 months later. FMRI performed 32 months after surgery demonstrated a migration of speech SMA to homologous contralateral hemispheric regional tissue. Patient B underwent resection of a oligodendroglioma NOS in the left speech SMA, and postoperatively experienced speech hesitancy, latency and poor fluency, which gradually resolved over 18 months. FMRI performed at 64 months after surgery showed a reorganization of speech SMA to the contralateral hemisphere. These data support the hypothesis of dynamic, time based plasticity in speech SMA tissue, and may represent a noninvasive neural marker for SMA syndrome recovery.

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Supplementary motor area as key structure for domain-general sequence processing: A unified account

Cited by 171 publications

References 167 publications

Neural mechanisms of training an auditory event‐related potential task in a brain–computer interface context

Neural mechanisms of training an auditory event‐related potential task in a brain–computer interface context

Close yet independent: Dissociation of social from valence and abstract semantic dimensions in the left anterior temporal lobe

Contralateral functional reorganization of the speech supplementary motor area following neurosurgical tumor resection

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