Supplementary Motor Area Activation Preceding Voluntary Movement Is Detectable with a Whole-Scalp Magnetoencephalography System

Erdler, Marcus; Beisteiner, Roland; Mayer, Dagmar; Kaindl, Thomas; Edward, Vinod; Windischberger, Christian; Lindinger, G.; Deecke, L.

doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0579

Cited by 119 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The task in our study was spontaneous, instantaneous, and intermittent, not continuous. As a result, the latency of SMA activity was longer than the result by Erdler et al 7) .…”

Section: Supplementary Motor Area (Sma)contrasting

confidence: 58%

“…In this study, we examined slow magnetic fields preceding the finger movement. Erdler et al 7) classified the slow cortical magnetic fields preceding voluntary finger movements into two components: the Bereitschafts fields (BF) 1 and BF 2, which emerge 1.9-1.7 s and about 0.5 s before the onset of the movement, respectively. The current sources producing the former were localized in the SMA, while those producing the latter were located in the primary motor area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Erdler et al 7) used whole-head MEG to measure SMA activities while instructing their test subjects to place their thumbs on each of the other four fingers, one by one. They reported that SMA activities began 1.9-1.7 s before the movement onset (shown in Fig.…”

Section: Supplementary Motor Area (Sma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuromagnetic Analysis of the Late Phase of the Readiness Field for Precise Hand Movements Using Magnetoencephalography

Takahashi

Watanabe

Haraguchi

et al. 2004

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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The aim of this study was to elucidate the cortical regulation of precise finger movements by using magnetoencephalography, with particular emphasis on the late phase of the readiness field. Magnetic brain signals were recorded non-invasively by 306 channel magnetoencephalography during the following two tasks. The first task, a simple task, was to bend the right thumb once as quickly as possible. The second task, a precise one, was to alternately oppose the thumb with the index finger and the middle finger of right hand. In this study, we confirmed that the differences between the two tasks were observed in the late phase of the readiness field, especially in the magnetic field 600 ms before the onset of movement. The activity of the magnetic field of the precise movement task was higher than the activity of the simple movement task. There were obvious differences in the spatial and temporal aspects of the left hemisphere. In the simple movement, the premotor area or motor area was activated in the late phase of the time window. The average latency from the EMG onset was ‫0.43ע6.89מ‬ ms (n‫.)5ס‬ In the precise movement, the prefrontal area and the SMA were activated in the early and/or middle phases of the time window. The average latency from the EMG onset was ‫9.41ע0.292מ‬ ms (n‫)3ס‬ for the prefrontal cortex and ‫3.83ע8.761מ‬ ms (n‫)4ס‬ for the SMA. The premotor area or motor area was activated in the late stage of the RF. The average latency from the EMG onset was ‫4.16ע6.111מ‬ ms (n‫.)5ס‬ Many studies have been performed on the movement-related readiness field. However, the activity of the prefrontal area and the SMA had not previously been studied in the late phase of the readiness field. Our study indicated that the prefrontal area and the SMA played important roles immediately before the onset of precise finger movement. The integration of the prefrontal area, the SMA, and the premotor area is important for the onset of precise finger movement.

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“…The task in our study was spontaneous, instantaneous, and intermittent, not continuous. As a result, the latency of SMA activity was longer than the result by Erdler et al 7) .…”

Section: Supplementary Motor Area (Sma)contrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neuromagnetic Analysis of the Late Phase of the Readiness Field for Precise Hand Movements Using Magnetoencephalography

Takahashi

Watanabe

Haraguchi

et al. 2004

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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show abstract

“…Activity of this Bereitschaftspotential or "Readiness Potential" (RP) precedes movement onset by 1-2 s, and it is thought to reflect the preparation for voluntary action (Shibasaki and Hallett, 2006). The current consensus is that the RP most likely originates within medial frontal areas (Lang et al, 1991;Praamstra et al, 1996;Ball et al, 1999;Erdler et al, 2000), and subsequently cascades to premotor and primary motor areas (Shibasaki and Hallett, 2006;Haggard, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal Interactions of the SMA and Cingulate Cortex Sustain Premovement Activity for Voluntary Actions

2014

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Voluntary action is one of the core functions of the human brain, and is accompanied by the well known readiness potential or Bereitschaftspotential. A network of cortical areas is responsible for the motor preparation process, including the anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC) and the SMA. However, the relationship between activity in these regions during movement preparation and the readiness potential is poorly understood. We examined this relationship by integrating simultaneously acquired EEG and fMRI through computational modeling. We first observed that global field power of premovement neural activity showed a specific correlation with BOLD responses in the aMCC. We then used dynamic causal modeling to infer premovement interactions between these regions and their relationship to the premovement neural activity underlying the readiness potential. These analyses suggest that SMA and aMCC have strong reciprocal connections that act to sustain each other's activity, and that this interaction is mediated during movement preparation according to the readiness potential amplitude, as reflected in global cortical field power. Our study suggests that the reciprocal connections between SMA and aMCC are important to maintain the sustained activity of the readiness potential before movement and lead to a weak system instability at movement onset. We suggest that the effective connectivity of this network underlies its functional role in the preparation of self-generated actions.

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“…The application of these techniques in humans has revealed how event-related brain activity to movement preparation and execution originates from the contribution of a variety of motor cortical areas whose activation takes place with a temporal-specific sequence [Ball et al, 1999;Cheyne and Weinberg, 1989;Erdler et al, 2000;Ikeda et al, 1992;Praamstra et al, 1996;Toro et al, 1993;Urbano et al, 1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor‐related cortical dynamics to intact movements in tetraplegics as revealed by high‐resolution EEG

Mattia¹,

Cincotti²,

Mattiocco³

et al. 2005

Human Brain Mapping

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We explored the cortical dynamics during movements of an unaffected body part in tetraplegic subjects with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). The aims were to find out whether the intact movements were associated with a physiological time-varying pattern of activity in the motor-related cortical areas and whether the primary motor area (MI) activation followed a somatotopic distribution. Event-related potentials to self-initiated lip movements were analyzed by means of cortical source imaging of EEG recorded from seven tetraplegic subjects and seven control subjects. Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected on individual MRI and the time-varying electrophysiologic activity (cortical current density, CCD) was estimated on these ROIs and subjected to across-subject analysis. A significant, bilateral movement-related pattern of MI activation was detected during motor task execution in SCI patients as well as in controls. The site of local maxima activation displayed a symmetrical discrete distribution within MI, consistently with a putative somatotopic lip representation, in all the subjects. The supplementary motor area proper (SMAp) was always coactivated with MI and coactivation was characterized by a time course with typical premotion and motion phases over both motor areas. A clear-cut temporal delay between the SMAp and MI activation did not occur either in SCI patients or in controls. These findings obtained with noninvasive neuroelectrical source imaging document that in chronic SCI subjects "executive" motor areas are engaged with a preserved temporal and spatial pattern during preparation and execution of intact movements.

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Supplementary Motor Area Activation Preceding Voluntary Movement Is Detectable with a Whole-Scalp Magnetoencephalography System

Cited by 119 publications

References 45 publications

Neuromagnetic Analysis of the Late Phase of the Readiness Field for Precise Hand Movements Using Magnetoencephalography

Neuromagnetic Analysis of the Late Phase of the Readiness Field for Precise Hand Movements Using Magnetoencephalography

Reciprocal Interactions of the SMA and Cingulate Cortex Sustain Premovement Activity for Voluntary Actions

Motor‐related cortical dynamics to intact movements in tetraplegics as revealed by high‐resolution EEG

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