Supplementary Load Frequency Control by Use of a Number of Both Electric Vehicles and Heat Pump Water Heaters

Masuta, Taisuke; Yokoyama, Akihiko

doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2194746

Cited by 286 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In Japan, the driving distances of about 50% of the cars per one day is less than 30 km [16]. This action is still predicted in future with a high penetration of EVs.…”

Section: Electric Vehicle Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system cost of a small power system will increase significantly if a large BESS has to be installed, which will make the whole system unfeasible from in economic terms. For this reason, the application of customers' appliances in the control of the power system instead of BESS has appeared [16]. One example of such applications is V2G, that is a concept of controlling the charging and discharging criteria between the power system and some of EVs trying to reach a balance between the generation and demand sides to suppress the system frequency fluctuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Polar Fuzzy Control Scheme for Hybrid Power System Using Vehicle-To-Grid Technique

et al. 2017

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Abstract:A novel polar fuzzy (PF) control approach for a hybrid power system is proposed in this research. The proposed control scheme remedies the issues of system frequency and the continuity of demand supply caused by renewable sources' uncertainties. The hybrid power system consists of a wind turbine generator (WTG), solar photovoltaics (PV), a solar thermal power generator (STPG), a diesel engine generator (DEG), an aqua-electrolyzer (AE), an ultra-capacitor (UC), a fuel-cell (FC), and a flywheel (FW). Furthermore, due to the high cost of the battery energy storage system (BESS), a new idea of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) control is applied to use the battery of the electric vehicle (EV) as equivalent to large-scale energy storage units instead of small batteries to improve the frequency stability of the system. In addition, EV customers' convenience is taken into account. A minimal-order observer is used to estimate the supply error. Then, the area control error (ACE) signal is calculated in terms of the estimated supply error and the frequency deviation. ACE is considered in the frequency domain. Two PF approaches are utilized in the intended system. The mission of each controller is to mitigate one frequency component of ACE. The responsibility for ACE compensation is shared among all parts of the system according to their speed of response. The performance of the proposed control scheme is compared to the conventional fuzzy logic control (FLC). The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control technique are verified by numerical simulations under various scenarios.

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“…In Japan, the driving distances of about 50% of the cars per one day is less than 30 km [16]. This action is still predicted in future with a high penetration of EVs.…”

Section: Electric Vehicle Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Polar Fuzzy Control Scheme for Hybrid Power System Using Vehicle-To-Grid Technique

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Effective integrations of EVs into the grid are able to improve the power system ancillary services such as demand-side management [4], distribution network planning [5][6], wide area stability enhancement [7], and alleviation of frequency fluctuation [2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The power charging control of EVs in order to alleviate the frequency fluctuation has been proposed in [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, load frequency control (LFC) is successfully applied for coordinating with EV control to stabilize frequency deviation [11,[13][14]. Effective EV control with LFC signal is able to improve frequency stabilization [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Control of Frequency Fluctuation and Battery SOC in a Smart Grid using LFC and EV Controllers based on Optimal MIMO-MPC

Pahasa¹,

Ngamroo²

2017

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

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-This paper proposes a simultaneous control of frequency deviation and electric vehicles (EVs) battery state of charge (SOC) using load frequency control (LFC) and EV controllers. In order to provide both frequency stabilization and SOC schedule near optimal performance within the whole operating regions, a multiple-input multiple-output model predictive control (MIMO-MPC) is employed for the coordination of LFC and EV controllers. The MIMO-MPC is an effective modelbased prediction which calculates future control signals by an optimization of quadratic programming based on the plant model, past manipulate, measured disturbance, and control signals. By optimizing the input and output weights of the MIMO-MPC using particle swarm optimization (PSO), the optimal MIMO-MPC for simultaneous control of the LFC and EVs, is able to stabilize the frequency fluctuation and maintain the desired battery SOC at the certain time, effectively. Simulation study in a two-area interconnected power system with wind farms shows the effectiveness of the proposed MIMO-MPC over the proportional integral (PI) controller and the decentralized vehicle to grid control (DVC) controller.

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“…The system frequency fluctuations are evaluated in [15] based on dynamic simulation of applying V2G to AGC system. In [16], the method for dispatching the control signal is presented according to the response speed and controllable capability. Some studies have also addressed the V2G control strategies for plugged EVs supporting primary frequency regulation [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provision of Two-area Automatic Generation Control by Demand-side Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Stations

Xie¹,

Shi²,

Li³

2016

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

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-Application of demand-side resources to automatic generation control (AGC) has a great significance for improving the dynamic control performance of power system frequency regulation. This paper investigates the possibility of providing regulation services by demand-side energy storage in electric vehicle battery swapping stations (BSS). An interaction framework, namely station-to-grid (S2G), is presented to integrate BSS energy storage into power grid for giving benefits to frequency regulation. The BSS can be regarded as a lumped battery energy storage station through S2G framework. A supplementary AGC method using demand-side BSS energy storage is developed considering the vehicle user demand of battery swapping. The effects to the AGC performance are evaluated through simulations by using a two-area interconnected power grid model with step and random load disturbance. The results show that the demand-side BSS can significantly suppress the frequency deviation and tie-line power fluctuations.

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Supplementary Load Frequency Control by Use of a Number of Both Electric Vehicles and Heat Pump Water Heaters

Cited by 286 publications

References 8 publications

A Polar Fuzzy Control Scheme for Hybrid Power System Using Vehicle-To-Grid Technique

A Polar Fuzzy Control Scheme for Hybrid Power System Using Vehicle-To-Grid Technique

Simultaneous Control of Frequency Fluctuation and Battery SOC in a Smart Grid using LFC and EV Controllers based on Optimal MIMO-MPC

Provision of Two-area Automatic Generation Control by Demand-side Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Stations

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