Supplementary Bovine Colostrum Feedings to Formula‐Fed Preterm Pigs Improve Gut Function and Reduce Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Yan, Xudong; Sangild, Per Torp; Peng, Yulin; Li, Yanqi; Bering, Stine Brandt; Pan, Xiaoyu

doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003147

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thus, initial TPN administration followed by initiation of enteral feeds has been used in several established models of NEC in swine ( 16 , 18 , 24 , 25 , 31 , 59 , 60 ). Often, these studies continue the administration of TPN at lower rates while simultaneously administering enteral feeds for 18–120 h ( 18 , 29 – 31 , 37 , 59 – 63 ). On the other hand, other investigators have developed piglet NEC models using enteral feeds exclusively for NEC induction ( 64 – 66 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After euthanasia, a midline laparotomy was performed, and the intestine examined in situ . A gross injury score was assigned to the small intestine (proximal, mid, and distal segments) and colon based on the most severely affected area assessed independently by two graders using an adaptation of a published scoring system ( 16 , 37 ). Scores ranged from 1 (no injury) to 6 (most severe injury) using the criteria shown in Table 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scores ranged from 1 (no injury) to 6 (most severe injury) using the criteria shown in Table 2 . The highest overall score assigned to any segment was used to assign the animal to either no gross injury (grades 1–3) or gross injury (grades 4–6) ( Figures 1A,B ) ( 16 , 37 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a novel definitive scoring system for an enteral feed-only model of necrotizing enterocolitis in piglets

et al. 2023

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IntroductionNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a complex inflammatory disorder of the human intestine that most often occurs in premature newborns. Animal models of NEC typically use mice or rats; however, pigs have emerged as a viable alternative given their similar size, intestinal development, and physiology compared to humans. While most piglet NEC models initially administer total parenteral nutrition prior to enteral feeds, here we describe an enteral-feed only piglet model of NEC that recapitulates the microbiome abnormalities present in neonates that develop NEC and introduce a novel multifactorial definitive NEC (D-NEC) scoring system to assess disease severity.MethodsPremature piglets were delivered via Caesarean section. Piglets in the colostrum-fed group received bovine colostrum feeds only throughout the experiment. Piglets in the formula-fed group received colostrum for the first 24 h of life, followed by Neocate Junior to induce intestinal injury. The presence of at least 3 of the following 4 criteria were required to diagnose D-NEC: (1) gross injury score ≥4 of 6; (2) histologic injury score ≥3 of 5; (3) a newly developed clinical sickness score ≥5 of 8 within the last 12 h of life; and (4) bacterial translocation to ≥2 internal organs. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to confirm intestinal inflammation in the small intestine and colon. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the intestinal microbiome.ResultsCompared to the colostrum-fed group, the formula-fed group had lower survival, higher clinical sickness scores, and more severe gross and histologic intestinal injury. There was significantly increased bacterial translocation, D-NEC, and expression of IL-1α and IL-10 in the colon of formula-fed compared to colostrum-fed piglets. Intestinal microbiome analysis of piglets with D-NEC demonstrated lower microbial diversity and increased Gammaproteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae.ConclusionsWe have developed a clinical sickness score and a new multifactorial D-NEC scoring system to accurately evaluate an enteral feed-only piglet model of NEC. Piglets with D-NEC had microbiome changes consistent with those seen in preterm infants with NEC. This model can be used to test future novel therapies to treat and prevent this devastating disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a novel definitive scoring system for an enteral feed-only model of necrotizing enterocolitis in piglets

et al. 2023

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“…blood neutrophils, Treg cells, gut IL8 response). Further, Pan et al demonstrated epigenetic programming and NEC-protective effects of early colostrum supplementation on gut mucosal immunity and gene expression in newborn preterm pigs on parenteral nutrition (44,49). In either case, the effects may be mediated by local species-unspecific immunoglobulin binding of pathogens and modulation of local mucosal immune responses (50,51).…”

Section: Diet and Postnatal Immune Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Immunity in Compromised Newborns

et al. 2021

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“…Indeed, these compounds have together the potential to promote antimicrobial and immunoregulatory activities, as well as growth performance. Bovine colostrum contains bioactive molecules with immunoregulatory and antimicrobial properties that are essential for the development of the immune system (Cross and Gill, 2000;Schlimme et al, 2000;Sugiharto et al, 2015;Lo Verso et al, 2020a;Yan et al, 2021) and modulating the inflammatory response to pathogens (Blais et al, 2015). The interest surrounding the supplementation of yeast extract is driven by its content in active components such as enzyme, nucleic acids, and cell wall products such as β-glucan and mannans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of growth-promoting alternatives on weight gain and gut microbial diversity and activity in piglets

Palanee

Gagnon

Lauzon

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In swine husbandry, weaning is a critical event for piglets which causes environmental, nutritional, and psychological stresses, with consequences such as intestinal dysbiosis. To counteract this issue, producers resorted to the use of in-feed antimicrobials to prevent post-weaning diarrhea and to promote growth for increased animal performance. However, the use of antibiotic for growth promotion was banned in many countries. In-feed supplements have great potential as alternative strategies. This study evaluated the effect on gut microbial activity, microbiome, and animal performance of combinations of peri-weaning feeding strategies such as bovine colostrum, medium-chain fatty acids and yeast extract. We quantified weight gain, intestinal pH, volatile fatty acids, and characterized the gut microbiota on ileum, cecum, and colon digestates. Overall, the feed supplements had limited impact on weight gain and volatile fatty acids production. However, the combined treatments have demonstrated a modulatory effect on gut microbiota which supports a potential role as an alternative to growth-promoting antibiotic in the swine industry.

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Supplementary Bovine Colostrum Feedings to Formula‐Fed Preterm Pigs Improve Gut Function and Reduce Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Development of a novel definitive scoring system for an enteral feed-only model of necrotizing enterocolitis in piglets

Development of a novel definitive scoring system for an enteral feed-only model of necrotizing enterocolitis in piglets

Editorial: Immunity in Compromised Newborns

Impact of growth-promoting alternatives on weight gain and gut microbial diversity and activity in piglets

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