Supplemental phytases of microbial and cereal sources improve dietary phytate phosphorus utilization by pigs from weaning through finishing.

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to measure the nutritional and metabolic responses of pigs fed diets with continuous supplementation of microbial and cereal phytase from weaning to finishing, and to determine the feasibility of complete replacement of inorganic P addition by supplemental phytase in swine diets. Forty-eight Landrace x Hampshire x Meishan pigs were divided into four groups. In phase 1 (10 to 50 kg BW), pigs in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were fed a low-P, corn-soybean meal basal diet (BD), the BD plus microbial phytase (A. ficuum) at 1,200 units/kg, the BD plus 10% wheat bran (230 units of cereal phytase/kg), and the BD + .24% inorganic P (calcium phosphate), respectively. In phase 2 (51 to 90 kg BW), these pigs were fed a similar BD or the BD plus 1,000 microbial phytase units/kg, 20% wheat bran, or .20% inorganic P, respectively. Repeated measures included growth performance, P, Ca, and N balance, metatarsal and metacarpal bone strength, serum concentration of inorganic P, Ca, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Pigs fed the BD supplemented with microbial phytase and pigs fed the BD supplemented with inorganic P showed almost identical responses for all variables. Pigs fed the BD supplemented with cereal phytase also had responses for various measures that were similar to those of pigs fed microbial phytase or inorganic P, except for some differences in serum inorganic P concentrations and bone strength in phase 1. Because of improvements in apparent digestibility of dietary P and N, fecal excretion of these two nutrients was reduced by 31 to 62% (P < .05) in pigs fed the BD supplemented with phytase compared with pigs fed inorganic P. It is physiologically feasible and environmentally advantageous to replace inorganic P with microbial or cereal phytase in corn-soybean meal diets for this type of pig through the entire growing-finishing period.

Body weight gain and nutrient utilization in starter pigs that are liquid-fed high-moisture corn-based diets supplemented with phytase

“…This increase in solubility is confirmed in the current trial by the improvements in CP and ash digestibility with the addition of phytase to Phase III diets. The impact of phytase on apparent total tract digestibility in the current trial agrees with previous results in weaner pigs (Kornegay and Qian 1996;Han et al 1997;Brana et al 2006) and grower-finisher pigs (Johnston et al 2004;Fan et al 2005;Kim et al 2005). The use of phytase in swine diets may reduce the need for mineral supplementation.…”

“…Results in Phase III concur with a number of previous studies that examined the impact of phytase on nutrient digestibility in pigs fed dry diets (Han et al 1997;Kim et al 2005;Veum et al 2006). Phosphorus bound in the form of phytate is largely unavailable to monogastric animals.…”

“…Values for P digestibility in the current trial are similar to those obtained in a previous trial that fed diets containing low-phytate corn to starter pigs (Sands et al 2001). The lack of a significant response in P digestibility with the addition of phytase during Phase II in the current trial, however, conflicts with previous observations in studies where pigs were fed dry cornand soybean-meal-based diets (Han et al 1997;Zhang et al 2000). Difference in diet form and ingredients may have accounted for the lack of influence of dietary treatment on P digestibility.…”

Valor nutricional e energia metabolizável de subprodutos do trigo utilizados para alimentação de suínos em crescimento

“…Este resultado está relacionado ao fato de cereais como o trigo apresentarem alta atividade de fitase endógena (1.200 UI kg -1 ) (Eeckhout & De Paepe, 1991). Han et al (1997) demonstraram que a inclusão de 100 e 200 g kg -1 de farelo de trigo, em dietas para suínos em crescimento e terminação, apresentaram atividade de fitase suficiente, ao ponto de dispensar a suplementação de fósforo inorgânico.…”

“…Este valor (em torno de 46%) é o mesmo encontrado no National Research Council (2012), para "wheat middling", subproduto semelhante à farinheta nacional. Os CDP dos subprodutos de trigo são frequentemente mais altos do que os de outros farelos, como o de arroz (Kunrath et al, 2010), o que pode ser explicado pelo fato de, apesar do fitato reduzir a disponibilidade do P, a fitase endógena do cereal ser mais ativa, o que melhora a retenção de P em suínos em crescimento (Han et al, 1997).…”