Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-Authorized Grocery, Convenience, Dollar, and Restaurant or Delivery Service Settings Are Associated With Increased Obesity Prevalence in Virginia

Houghtaling, Bailey; Kniola, David J.; Misyak, Sarah

doi:10.1177/0890117120934610

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In our study population, low access to grocery stores was associated with a decreased likelihood of being obese. This finding is consistent with other research that has found a positive association between greater grocery store access and increased obesity rates (39) . When this relationship was examined in the two subpopulations, we found it to be significant only among AI/AN who lived in counties with higher poverty.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Social determinants of obesity in American Indian and Alaska Native peoples aged ≥ 50 years

Goins

Conway

Reid

et al. 2022

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: American Indian and Alaska Native peoples (AI/ANs) have a disproportionately high rate of obesity, but little is known about the social determinants of obesity among older AI/ANs. Thus, our study assessed social determinants of obesity in AI/ANs aged ≥ 50 years. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using multivariate generalized linear mixed models to identify social determinants associated with the risk of being classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Analyses were conducted for the total study population and stratified by median county poverty level. Setting: Indian Health Service (IHS) data for AI/ANs who used IHS services in FY2013. Participants: 27,696 AI/ANs aged ≥ 50 years without diabetes. Results: Mean BMI was 29.8 ± 6.6 with 43% classified as obese. Women were more likely to be obese than men, and younger ages were associated with higher obesity risk. While having Medicaid coverage was associated with lower odds of obesity, private health insurance was associated with higher odds. Living in areas with lower rates of educational attainment and longer drive times to primary care services were associated with higher odds of obesity. Those who lived in a county where a larger percentage of people had low access to a grocery store were significantly less likely to be obese. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to the understanding of social determinants of obesity among older AI/ANs and highlight the need to investigate AI/AN obesity, including longitudinal studies with a life course perspective to further examine social determinants of obesity in older AI/ANs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Social determinants of obesity in American Indian and Alaska Native peoples aged ≥ 50 years

Goins

Conway

Reid

et al. 2022

Public Health Nutr.

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“…This likely led to lower BIA-Obesity scores being recorded among all retailers. Last, analysis regarding traditional versus nontraditional formats could be more nuanced [ 94 ]. However, certain nontraditional formats were not frequently observed in this research (e.g., only one prominent SNAP-authorized retailer was classified as a club format), which limited opportunities to understand variations among several nontraditional formats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-authorized retailers received a low score using the Business Impact Assessment for Obesity and population-level nutrition (BIA-Obesity) tool

et al. 2022

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Background The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) supports Americans with lower income to purchase dietary products at authorized retailers. This research aimed to evaluate SNAP-authorized retailers’ public commitments in support of nutrition security and to examine differences between traditional grocers and nontraditional (e.g., convenience, drug, dollar) SNAP-authorized retailers’ public commitments. Methods Prominent United States (U.S.) SNAP-authorized retailers nationally and in two U.S. states (California and Virginia) were identified based on number of store locations (n = 61). Public information available in grey literature were reviewed and scored using the Business Impact Assessment for Obesity and population-level nutrition (BIA-Obesity) tool. SNAP-authorized retailers were classified as traditional (e.g., grocery) or nontraditional (e.g., non-grocery) retailers. Total BIA-Obesity from 0 to 615, representing low to optimal support) and category scores were calculated for corporate strategy, relationships with external organizations, product formulation, nutrition labeling, product and brand promotion, and product accessibility. Descriptive statistics were used to describe BIA-Obesity scores overall and by category. Mann–Whitney U was used to test for potential differences in median BIA-Obesity total scores between traditional and nontraditional SNAP-authorized retailers (a priori, p < 0.05). Results Average total BIA-Obesity scores for SNAP-authorized retailers ranged from 0 to 112 (16.5 ± 23.3). Total BIA-Obesity scores for traditional SNAP-authorized retailers (32.7 ± 33.6; median 25) were higher than nontraditional SNAP-authorized retailer scores (11.2 ± 16; median 5) (p = 0.008). For BIA-Obesity categories, average scores were highest for the category relationships with external organizations (8.3 ± 10.3) and lowest for promotion practices (0.6 ± 2.1). Conclusions Results of this research underscore a dearth of available evidence and substantial opportunity for improvement regarding SNAP-authorized retailer strategies to support nutrition security among Americans with lower income.

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“…Our review results also suggest supermarkets may prime consumers more than smaller stores regarding the purchase of SSB products, although this may be related to store size (e.g., more space for numerous SSB displays and marketing strategies). This may be one reason supermarkets have been associated with the prevalence of obesity, 91 despite their historical use as an indicator of favorable community food access. Research has shown optimal food access more complex than supermarket distance, [92][93][94] and application of environmental tools and/or scanner purchasing data 95 to understand the influence of SSB MMCA strategies on consumers' purchase of healthy and less healthy beverages is warranted among varied store formats and communities.…”

Section: Profile Pricing and Promotion Strategies To Sell Ssb Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid review of stocking and marketing practices used to sell sugar‐sweetened beverages in U.S. food stores

et al. 2020

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Summary Sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a primary source of added sugars in the American diet. Habitual SSB consumption is associated with obesity and noncommunicable disease and is one factor contributing to U.S. health disparities. Public health responses to address marketing‐mix and choice‐architecture (MMCA) strategies used to sell SSB products may be required. Thus, our goal was to identify original research about stocking and marketing practices used to sell SSB in U.S. food stores. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) protocol for rapid reviewing. We searched six databases and Google Scholar using key terms focused on store type and SSB products. We characterized results using an MMCA framework with categories place, profile, portion, pricing, promotion, priming or prompting, and proximity. Our search resulted in the identification of 29 articles. Most results focused on profile (e.g., SSB availability) (n = 13), pricing (e.g., SSB prices or discounts) (n = 13), or promotion (e.g., SSB advertisements) (n = 13) strategies. We found some evidence of targeted MMCA practices toward at‐risk consumers and differences by store format, such as increased SSB prominence among supermarkets. The potential for systematic variations in MMCA strategies used to sell SSB requires more research. We discuss implications for public health, health equity, and environmental sustainability.

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Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-Authorized Grocery, Convenience, Dollar, and Restaurant or Delivery Service Settings Are Associated With Increased Obesity Prevalence in Virginia

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Social determinants of obesity in American Indian and Alaska Native peoples aged ≥ 50 years

Social determinants of obesity in American Indian and Alaska Native peoples aged ≥ 50 years

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-authorized retailers received a low score using the Business Impact Assessment for Obesity and population-level nutrition (BIA-Obesity) tool

A rapid review of stocking and marketing practices used to sell sugar‐sweetened beverages in U.S. food stores

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