Supplemental Material for 'The amphibian tree of life. (Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 297)'

Frost, Darrel R.; Grant, Taran; Faivovich, Julián; Bain, Raoul H.; Haas, Alexander; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Sá, Rafael O. de; Channing, Alan; Wilkinson, Mark; Donnellan, Stephen C.; Raxworthy, Christopher J.; Campbell, Jonathan A.; Blotto, Boris L.; Moler, Paul E.; Drewes, Robert C.; Nussbaum, Ronald A.; Lynch, John D.; Green, David Martin.; Wheeler, Ward C.

doi:10.5531/sd.sp.13

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 262 publications

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“…The geographic distribution of Endotrombicula, restricted to Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Madagascar, suggests that these mites invaded Madagascar from the African continent. This is supported by the observation that the ancestors of Ptychadena mascareniensis (Duméril et Bibron) (Ptychadenidae), the host of E. ptychadenae, colonized Madagascar from the African continent quite recently, possibly accompanied by its Endotrombicula parasites.The phylogenetic relationships of amphibians have recently attracted much attention (e.g., Frost et al 2006) and are often explained largely in terms of vicariance during the break-ups of the supercontinents Pangaea and Gondwana (Roelants and Bossuyt 2005). However, recent evidence suggests that amphibians are capable to disperse over marine barriers (Vences et al 2003, 2004, Measey et al 2006.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phylogenetic relationships of amphibians have recently attracted much attention (e.g., Frost et al 2006) and are often explained largely in terms of vicariance during the break-ups of the supercontinents Pangaea and Gondwana (Roelants and Bossuyt 2005). However, recent evidence suggests that amphibians are capable to disperse over marine barriers (Vences et al 2003, 2004, Measey et al 2006.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Endoparasitic mites of the genus Endotrombicula Ewing, 1931 (Acari: Prostigmata: Parasitengona: Trombiculidae) from African and Madagascan anurans, with description of a new species

Wohltmann¹,

Preez²,

Rödel³

et al. 2007

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract.A sample of over 6,000 specimens of frogs belonging to about 120 species of all families occurring in West Africa and Madagascar were screened for parasitic mites. Three species of Endotrombicula Ewing, 1931 were found in representatives of two African and two Madagascan frog families. All Trombiculidae found in African frogs belonged to Endotrombicula pillersi (Sambon, 1928), whereas in Madagascar E. madagascariensis (Sambon, 1928) and E. ptychadenae sp. n. were sampled. These three species are described, data about their parasitic associations are provided, and their zoogeographical distribution is discussed. Only those frog species that spend a considerable time in terrestrial ground habitats were parasitized; neither arboreal nor strictly aquatic frogs were infected. The geographic distribution of Endotrombicula, restricted to Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Madagascar, suggests that these mites invaded Madagascar from the African continent. This is supported by the observation that the ancestors of Ptychadena mascareniensis (Duméril et Bibron) (Ptychadenidae), the host of E. ptychadenae, colonized Madagascar from the African continent quite recently, possibly accompanied by its Endotrombicula parasites.The phylogenetic relationships of amphibians have recently attracted much attention (e.g., Frost et al. 2006) and are often explained largely in terms of vicariance during the break-ups of the supercontinents Pangaea and Gondwana (Roelants and Bossuyt 2005). However, recent evidence suggests that amphibians are capable to disperse over marine barriers (Vences et al. 2003, 2004, Measey et al. 2006. Although current assembling of comprehensive molecular data sets leads to fast progress in the understanding of phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships among amphibians, independent data are needed to validate these often surprising results.In many cases, occurrence and phylogenies of parasites mirror those of their hosts and can therefore provide crucial evidence on their hosts' relationships; e.g., Bentz et al. (2001) for polystome plathelminths in amphibians. A further group of parasites regularly found in amphibians are mites, but systematic studies on these are relatively rare and mostly inaccurate. During recent herpetological field work in West Africa and Madagascar a number of frogs turned out to be infested with mite larvae of the genus Endotrombicula Ewing, 1931.Morphological analysis of the mites revealed that they belong to three distinct species. Because published descriptions did not allow unambiguous determination, we herein provide redescriptions of two known and the first description of one hitherto unknown species. Moreover, we discuss the putative geographic origin of Endotrombicula spp. in Madagascar. MATERIALS AND METHODSSpecimens of Endotrombicula were removed from hosts collected at various localities in Africa and Madagascar from August to April in 1992April in -2006. Collected frog specimens were anaesthetized in chlorobutanol solution, fixed in 95% and preserved in 70% etha...

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoparasitic mites of the genus Endotrombicula Ewing, 1931 (Acari: Prostigmata: Parasitengona: Trombiculidae) from African and Madagascan anurans, with description of a new species

Wohltmann¹,

Preez²,

Rödel³

et al. 2007

FOLIA PARASIT

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“…B. marinus gravenhorst; now Rhinella marina (L.) (see Frost et al 2006, Frost 2009)] from Brazil. Later, Meyer (1932) transferred E. lutzi to Acanthocephalus Koelreuther, 1771 and it was accepted by Hartwich (1956), Yamaguti (1963Yamaguti ( ), golvan (1969 and Amin (1985).…”

Section: Hamann (1891) Described Echinorhynchus Lutzi Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudoacanthocephalus lutzi (Hamann, 1891) comb. n. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) for Acanthocephalus lutzi (Hamann, 1891), parasite of South American amphibians

Arredondo¹,

Pertierra²

2009

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Acanthocephalus lutzi (Hamann, 1891) is proposed to be transferred to the genus Pseudoacanthocephalus Petrochenko, 1956 based on the type material from Rhinella marina (L.) from Brazil and recently collected material from R. arenarum (Hensel) from Argentina. Pseudoacanthocephalus is characterised by the following features: a cylindrical trunk without spines, a cylindrical proboscis, testes in tandem, a compact cluster of cement glands, a nearly terminal male genital pore, a ventral and sub-terminal female genital pore, and egg without polar prolongations, containing a holoechinate acanthor. Pseudoacanthocephalus lutzi comb. n. has a proboscis armature of 14-18 longitudinal rows of 5-8 hooks each, with all roots formed by a posteriorly directed longitudinal spatulate sheet having a central rib, and an inconspicuous sheet directed anteriorly; a variable number (4, 5 or 6) of cement glands; a cerebral ganglion located near the base of the proboscis receptacle; digitiform to claviform lemnisci, as long as, or slightly shorter or slightly longer than the proboscis receptacle; a sigmoid-shaped posterior end in males; an egg with a conspicuous fibrillar coat; and one of the larval hooks more robust and different in shape than the others. Additionally, the type material of Acanthocephalus saopaulensis Smales, 2007 from Rhinella icterica (Spix) from Brazil and a paratype of A. caspanensis Fernández et Ibarra Vidal, 1992 from R. spinulosa (Wiegmann) from Chile were studied. Acanthocephalus saopaulensis is considered conspecific with P. lutzi and A. caspanensis is transferred to Pseudoacanthocephalus because it possesses all the characters of the genus mentioned above. The use of characters such as egg morphology and host ecology for distinguishing Acanthocephalus from Pseudoacanthocephalus is also discussed.

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“…Ref. 4 however re-identified the species as Rana (Pulchrana) signata based on morphological characters and later to Pulchrana signata based on both molecular and morphological data 5 in which recently, classified as Hylarana signata 6 . Distributions of H. signata include Peninsular Thailand and Malaysia, Sumatra (Indonesia) and also Malaysian Borneo 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 had separated this species from the synonym of H. signata without further discussion. Subsequently, this species was then assigned as Pulchrana picturata 5 and recently as H. picturata 10 by implications. Overall, H. picturata was stated to be distributed throughout Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HYLARANA SIGNATA GROUP (PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AS RANA SIGNATA AND RANA PICTURATA) OF MALAYSIA

Zainudin

Sazali

2012

Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser.

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A study on morphometrical variations of Malaysian Hylarana signata group was conducted to reveal the morphological relationships within the species group. Twenty-seven morphological characters from 18 individuals of H. signata and H. picturata were measured and recorded. The numerical data were analysed using Discriminant Function Analysis in SPSS program version 16.0 and UPGMA Cluster Analysis in Minitab program version 14.0. The results show the complexity clustering between the examined species that might be due to ancient polymorphism of the lineages or cryptic species within the group. Hence, further study should include more representatives in order to fully elucidate the morphological relationships of H. signata group.

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Supplemental Material for 'The amphibian tree of life. (Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 297)'

Cited by 10 publications

References 262 publications

Endoparasitic mites of the genus Endotrombicula Ewing, 1931 (Acari: Prostigmata: Parasitengona: Trombiculidae) from African and Madagascan anurans, with description of a new species

Endoparasitic mites of the genus Endotrombicula Ewing, 1931 (Acari: Prostigmata: Parasitengona: Trombiculidae) from African and Madagascan anurans, with description of a new species

Pseudoacanthocephalus lutzi (Hamann, 1891) comb. n. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) for Acanthocephalus lutzi (Hamann, 1891), parasite of South American amphibians

A MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HYLARANA SIGNATA GROUP (PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AS RANA SIGNATA AND RANA PICTURATA) OF MALAYSIA

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