Supplement 2001 (no. 45) to the Kauffmann–White scheme

Popoff, M.Y.; Bockemühl, J; Gheesling, Linda L.

doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(03)00025-1

Cited by 110 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Salmonella isolates were serotyped and phage typed at the Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Salmonella and other Enteric Pathogens in Wernigerode, Germany, according to the Kauffmann-White Scheme [6]. To phage type the isolates, routine test dilutions of each of the typing phages were applied to nutrient agar (Difco, Detroit, USA) plates with a lawn of the respective bacterial strain using a multipoint inoculator.…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates from pigs at slaughter in Kenya

Kikuvi

Ombui

Mitema

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Background: Salmonellosis is considered one of the most widespread food-borne zoonoses in industrialized as well as developing countries. The presence of Salmonella in food animals at slaughter and the consequent cross-contamination of edible carcass tissues present a significant food safety hazard. Methodology: Samples were collected from randomly selected pigs at the Ndumbuini abattoir in Nairobi. Isolates were confirmed to be Salmonella by biochemical tests and characterised by serotyping, phage typing and plasmid analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight antimicrobials were determined and the resistant isolates were screened for resistance genes by PCR. Results: Sixteen (13.8%) of 116 samples were positive for Salmonella. Three Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars, namely Saintpaul, Braenderup, and Heidelberg were identified, S. Saintpaul being predominant. Antimicrobial resistance was found in 35.7% of the isolates. The S. Heidelberg isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested. Multidrug resistance was found in 7.1% of the Salmonella isolates. Plasmids were only detected in S. Heidelberg. Ampicillin resistance was based on expression of a bla TEM gene, while chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and tetracycline resistances were encoded by the genes catA1, strA, and tet(A), respectively. Conclusions: Pigs may serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella and slaughterhouse cross-contamination of pork may be a food safety risk.

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Section: Isolation and Identification Of Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates from pigs at slaughter in Kenya

Kikuvi

Ombui

Mitema

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Bacteria constituting the genus contain three different types of antigens. The agglutinating properties of the somatic O, flagellar H and capsular Vi antigens are used to differentiate among more than 2 500 serologically distinct types of Salmonella [122]. Each year, new serotypes are listed in annual updates of the Kauffmann-White scheme [122].…”

Section: Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agglutinating properties of the somatic O, flagellar H and capsular Vi antigens are used to differentiate among more than 2 500 serologically distinct types of Salmonella [122]. Each year, new serotypes are listed in annual updates of the Kauffmann-White scheme [122]. The genus Salmonella consists of only two species, S. bongori and S. enterica, whith the latter being divided into six subspecies: entericae, salamae, arizonae, diarizonae, houtenae, indica.…”

Section: Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Salmonella epidemics: The problems related to Salmonella enterica serotyp Enteritidis and multiple antibiotic resistance in other major serotypes

Cloeckaert²,

2005

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-Two major changes in the epidemiology of salmonellosis occurred in the second half of the 20th century: the emergence of food-borne human infections caused by S. Enteritidis and by multiple-antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella. This review updates information on the S. Enteritidis pandemic and focuses on the emergence of Salmonella, carrying the SGI1 antibiotic resistance gene cluster, resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, or resistant to fluoroquinolones. The factors responsible for the emergence of these Salmonella strains could be either of human origin or related to bacterial genome evolution. However, our increasing understanding of the molecular fluidity of the genome shows that any attempt to counteract bacteria results in further bacterial evolution or adaptation of other bacteria to take place in the new free ecological niche. In these conditions, we can ask who is faster: humans who want to eliminate bacterial pathogens or bacteria that continuously evolve to gain new niches.

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“…The Kauffmann-White serotyping scheme for designation of Salmonella serotypes, which is used by most laboratories for the characterization of Salmonella isolates, recognizes 46 O serogroups and 114 H antigens that, in various combinations, make up the 2,523 characterized serotypes (19,20). Some H antigens are composed of multiple antigens, termed factors; for example, H:e,n,x is the designation for a flagellar antigen that consists of three separate factors, e, n, and x, that occur together in one flagellum.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…H:z 6 is listed primarily in phase 2 in the KauffmannWhite scheme; however, an H:z 6 allele was found at fliC in a subspecies II isolate with an H:e,n,x allele at fljB. Flagellar antigen d is commonly found in fliC but was identified at flpA and at fljB in the newly described Salmonella serotype Houston (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Flagellin Genes fliC , fljB , and flpA from Salmonella

et al. 2004

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Salmonella isolates have traditionally been classified by serotyping, the serologic identification of two surface antigens, O-polysaccharide and flagellin protein. Serotyping has been of great value in understanding the epidemiology of Salmonella and investigating disease outbreaks; however, production and quality control of the hundreds of antisera required for serotyping is difficult and time-consuming. To circumvent the problems associated with antiserum production, we began the development of a system for determination of serotype in Salmonella based on DNA markers. To identify flagellar antigen-specific sequences, we sequenced 280 alleles of the three genes that are known to encode flagellin in Salmonella, fliC, fljB, and flpA, representing 67 flagellar antigen types. Analysis of the data indicated that the sequences from fliC, fljB, and flpA clustered by the antigen(s) they encode not by locus. The sequences grouped into four clusters based on their conserved regions. Three of the four clusters included multiple flagellar antigen types and were designated the G complex, the Z4 complex, and the ␣ cluster. The fourth cluster contained a single antigen type, H:z 29 . The amino acid sequences of the conserved regions within each cluster have greater than 95% amino acid identity, whereas the conserved regions differ substantially between clusters (75 to 85% identity). Substantial sequence heterogeneity existed between alleles encoding different flagellar antigens while alleles encoding the same flagellar antigen were homologous, suggesting that flagellin genes may be useful targets for the molecular determination of flagellar antigen type.

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Supplement 2001 (no. 45) to the Kauffmann–White scheme

Cited by 110 publications

References 2 publications

Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates from pigs at slaughter in Kenya

Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates from pigs at slaughter in Kenya

Emergence of Salmonella epidemics: The problems related to Salmonella enterica serotyp Enteritidis and multiple antibiotic resistance in other major serotypes

Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Flagellin Genes fliC , fljB , and flpA from Salmonella

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