Superstatistics and Lifetime

Abstract

To describe the nonequilibrium states of a system we introduce a new thermodynamic parameter -the lifetime of a system. The statistical distributions which can be obtained out of the mesoscopic description characterizing the behaviour of a system by specifying the stochastic processes are written. Superstatistics, introduced as fluctuating quantities of intensive thermodynamical parameters, are obtained from statistical distribution with lifetime (random time to system degeneracy) as thermodynamical parameter (and also generalization of superstatistics). Necessary for this realization condition with expression for average lifetime of equilibrium statistical system obtained from stochastical storage model is consist. The obtained distribution passes in Gibbs or in superstatistics distribution depending on a measure of dissipativity in the system.

Cooper pair splitting in ballistic ferromagnetic SQUIDs

“…Alternatively, the interferometer loop can be implemented with the help of single-crystalline metallic nanowires obtained by templated electrodeposition [42]. Single Josephson junctions through such nanowires have already been realized [43], and the developed technique opens up the possibility to fabricate nanowire-based complex hybrid structures consisting of normal and ferromagnetic parts [44].…”